Digital Modulation Technique

Presented By: Amit Degada. Teaching Assistant, SV NIT, Surat.

Goal of Todays Lecture

Differential Phase Shift keying Quadrature Phase Shift Keying Minimum Phase Shift Keying Introduction To Information Theory Information Measure

Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK)

Why We Require?

To Have Non-coherent Detection That Makes Receiver Design 0 may be used represent transition 1 indicate No Transition

How can we do?

DPSK Transmitter

bK Encoder

dK

Product Modulator

S(t)=AcCos(2fct)

dK-1 Delay Tb AcCos(2fct)

What Should We Do to make Encoder?

DPSK TransmitterModified

bK

Ex- NOR Gate

dK

Product Modulator

S(t)=AcCos(2fct)

dK-1 Delay Tb AcCos(2fct)

Differentially Encoded Sequence

Binary Data Differentially Encoded Data Phase of DPSK Shifted Differentially encoded Data dk-1 Phase of shifted Data Phase Comparision Output Detected Binary Seq. 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1

0 -

0 +

0 -

0 +

0 -

0 +

0 +

DPSK Receiver

Goal of Todays Lecture

Differential Phase Shift keying Quadrature Phase Shift Keying Minimum Phase Shift Keying Introduction To Information Theory Information Measure

Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK)

Extension of Binary-PSK Spectrum Efficient Technique In M-ary Transmission it is Possible to Transmit M Possible Signal M = 2n where, n= no of Bits that we Combine
signaling Interval T= nTb

In QPSK n=2 === > So M =4 and signaling Interval T= 2Tb

Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK)

M=4 so we have possible signal are 00,01,10,11 Or In Natural Coded Form 00,10,11,01
s(t ) Ac cos(2 fct 3 ) 4
-135 Binary Dibit 00

Ac cos(2 fct ) 4
Ac cos(2 fct ) 4

-45

Binary Dibit 10

45

Binary Dibit 11

Ac cos(2 fct

3 ) 4

135

Binary Dibit 01

QPSK Waveform

00

11

00

11

10

10

QPSK Signal Phase

Constellation Diagram

Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK)

The QPSK Formula

s(t ) Ac cos(2 fct (t ))

Where, (t)=135,45,-45,-135

(1)

Simplifying Equation 1

S (t ) Ac cos (t ).cos(2 fct ) Ac sin (t )sin(2 fct )

This Gives the Idea about Transmitter design

QPSK Transmitter

QPSK Receiver

Synchronization Circuit

Goal of Todays Lecture

Differential Phase Shift keying Quadrature Phase Shift Keying Minimum Phase Shift Keying Introduction To Information Theory Information Measure

Minimum Shift Keying (MSK)

In Binary FSK the Phase Continuity is maintained at the transition Point. This type of Modulated wave is referred as Continuous Phase Frequency Shift Keying (CPFSK) In MSK there is phase change equals to one half Bit Rate when the bit Changes 0 to 1 and 1 to 0.
f
1 2Tb

Minimum Shift Keying (MSK)

Lets take fc1 and fc2 represents binary 1 and 0 Respectively
fc1 fc1 fc 2 fc1 fc 2 2 2

Similarly

fc
Where

f
2

fc 2

fc1 fc 2 fc1 fc 2 2 2

fc1 fc 2 fc 2 f fc1 fc 2

fc

f
2

Minimum Shift Keying (MSK)

The MSK Equation

s(t ) Ac cos(2 fct (t ))

where

(t ) ft
For Symbol 0

For Symbol 1

(t ) ft

(t ) ft

t
2Tb

t
2Tb

Carrier Phase Coding

For dibit 00

Tb

2Tb

-/2

- (t)

Carrier Phase Coding

For dibit 10

/2

Tb

2Tb

Carrier Phase Coding

For dibit 11

/2

Tb

2Tb

Carrier Phase Coding

For dibit 01

Tb

2Tb

-/2

- (t)

Goal of Todays Lecture

Differential Phase Shift keying Quadrature Phase Shift Keying Minimum Phase Shift Keying Introduction To Information Theory Information Measure

Information Theory

It is a study of Communication Engineering plus Maths A Communication Engineer has to Fight with

Limited Power Inevitable Background Noise Limited Bandwidth

Information Theory deals with

The Measure of Source Information The Information Capacity of the channel Coding

If The rate of Information from a source does not exceed the capacity of the Channel, then there exist a Coding Scheme such that Information can be transmitted over the Communication Channel with arbitrary small amount of errors despite the presence of Noise
Equivalent noiseless Channel

Source Encoder

Channel Encoder

Noisy Channel

Channel Decoder

Source Decoder

Goal of Todays Lecture

Differential Phase Shift keying Quadrature Phase Shift Keying Minimum Phase Shift Keying Introduction To Information Theory Information Measure

Information Measure

This is utilized to determine the information rate of discrete Sources Consider Two Messages
A Dog bites a man

A man bites a dog

Thank You