Hello.. ladies and gentlemen!!!

E- ail

E- ail
Electronic mail, or e-mail has been around for over two decades. has its own conventions and styles little ASCII symbols called smileys or emoticons in e-mail

rotating the book 90 degrees clockwise will make them clearer

The first e-mail systems simply consisted of file transfer protocols recipient's address
Limitations of the above approach:
1. Sending a message to a group of people was inconvenient 2. Messages had no internal structure, making computer processing difficult. 3. The originator (sender) never knew if a message arrived or not.

4. If someone was planning to be away on business for several weeks and wanted all incoming e-mail to be handled by his secretary, this was not easy to arrange. 5. poor user interface 6. no multimedia support

Architecture and Services

overview of what e-mail systems can do and how they are organized consist of two subsystems:
user agents message transfer agents

e-mail systems support five basic functions

Composition refers to the process of creating messages and answers Transfer refers to moving messages from the originator to the recipient Reporting has to do with telling the originator what happened to the message Displaying incoming messages is needed so people can read their e-mail Disposition is the final step and concerns what the recipient does with the message after receiving it.

Additional services:
mailboxes mailing list carbon copies blind carbon copies high-priority e-mail secret (i.e., encrypted) e-mail

Key ideas:
envelope contains all the information needed for transporting the message, such as the destination address, priority, and security level message:
header body

Envelopes and messages. (a) Paper mail. (b) Email.

The User Agent

A program (sometimes called a mail reader) that accepts a variety of commands for
composing receiving replying to messages manipulating mailboxes

User agent interface:

fancy menu- or icon-driven 1-character commands from the keyboard

Sending E-mail:
the destination address a word processing program, or possibly with a specialized text editor built into the user agent destination address format: user@dns-address Most e-mail systems support mailing lists:
locally remotely

Reading E-mail

Flags:

K:read or unread A:answered(replied) F:forwarded

Command user interface:

D:delete K:read or unread A:answered(replied) F:forwarded

Message Formats
RFC 822: basic e-mail system using ASCII encoding designed decades ago no clear distinction between envelope fields and header fields user agent builds a message and passes it to the message transfer agent

RFC 822 header fields related to message transport

Some fields used in the RFC 822 message header

MIMEThe Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions

Earlier e-mail systems: English and ASCII using RFC 822 Problems include sending and receiving: 1. Messages in languages with accents (e.g., French and German). 2. Messages in non-Latin alphabets (e.g., Hebrew and Russian). 3. Messages in languages without alphabets (e.g., Chinese and Japanese). 4. Messages not containing text at all (e.g., audio or images).

RFC 822 headers added by MIME

ASCII String

message id
Type of encoding 7 types

MIME header, continued

Message Transfer : SMTP

transferring the message between sender and receiver SMTP : simple mail transfer protocol TCP connection to port 25 of the destination machine No checksums are needed because TCP provides a reliable byte stream

Problems with SMTP:

older implementations cannot handle messages exceeding 64 KB different timeouts for client and server solution extended SMTP (ESMTP) clients wanting to use it should send an EHLO message instead of HELO initially

POP3(Post Office Protocol V3):

simple download-and-delete requirements for access to remote mailboxes POP3 begins when the user starts the mail reader TCP connection to port 110 Goes through 3 states:
Authorization Transactions Update

POP3

IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol)

all the e-mail will remain on the server indefinitely in multiple mailboxes reading even parts of messages for slower modem connections allows for creating, destroying, and manipulating multiple mailboxes on the server

Comparison b/w POP3 and IMAP:

Thank U