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ON ABT METERS
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Basic Concepts
Historical Preview Principle of working Meters Generations First - Ferrari or Electromechanical Second - Static Third - Numeric
Static Meter
Advantages High Accuracy Low cost
Limitations
Not intelligent Tamper can not be detected. Magnetic Theft
ABT Meters
ABT means Availability based Tariff .
Availability as a base
For example if the rated capacity of generator is 50 MW out of which 30 MW generation is available , the base for billing would be 30 MW and not 50 MW. 30 MW would be scheduled generation for calculating deviation if any. If 20 MW power is generated instead of scheduled 30 MW , the penalty of 30-20 = 10 MW would be imposed as UI charge.
ABT Concept
Traditional Concept :dw / dt Modern Concept :dw/df . df/dt dw/df :- ABT Meters df./dt :- Frequency Trend
df/ dt Relay
Implementation of ABT was recommended initially at Central Generating Stations in the year 1994 by M/s ECC of USA under the study sponsored by World Bank and Asian Development Bank .
Unacceptable rapid and high frequency deviations Frequent grid disturbances which result in generator tripping , power outages and grid instability. The pricing of power is made frequency dependent by ABT.
Based on the declared demand and available supply, the LD provides a schedule to the SEBs and the CGS for drawl and generation in 15-minute blocks.
Based on the drawl and generation positions of the SEBs and the CGS stations, the UI bill is computed.
payable by the beneficiary states based on the capacity allocated to them, and is irrespective of the amount of power they draw or schedule to draw
scheduled energy that is drawn is charged as per the variable energy charge of the station from which power is being drawn.
Billed Amount
Billed Amount = Fixed Charge + Energy Charge + UI Charge
The energy is metered in 15-minute time blocks, since frequency keeps changing (and the UI rate with it). The metered energy is then compared with the scheduled energy for that 15minute time block, and the difference (+ or -) becomes the UI energy. Corresponding UI rate is determined by taking the average frequency for the same 15-minute time block into account.
ABT Meters
Intelligent meters Based on polled approach
VRMS
General Arrangement
General arrangement
Keypad - 12 numeric plus * and # keys. LCD Display 4 row X 20 characters Optical Port RS232 electrically apart Metering Module with sliding guides. Calibrated LEDs for dial test. MD Reset button sealable RJ-11 Port - RS-485 interface with MODBUS.
ZERA
These meters
These meters are capable of displaying energy as per applicable tariff I.e. TOD and ABT tariff.
Advantages of ABT Meters Using polled approach , the CPU detects abnormality in the metering system.
The starting current of is very less i.e. 0.1 % of base current. Thus 1 A meter will record 1 mA consumption.
friendly.
user
The display parameters are easy to understand. Push button operation to read display parameters is easy. Data retrieval through MRI [ Meter Reading Instrument ] is simple .
Remote data retrieval possible through internet and mobile. Can be used in AMR [ Automatic Meter Reading ]
ABT Specifications
Parameter Value
Standard
Definition
Voltage Rating
Temperature
ABT Specifications
Parameter
Current Rating
Maximum Current [ 200 % of Ib ] Minimum Current [ 0.1 % of Ib ] Class Of Accuracy
Value
1 Amp
2 Amp 1 mA 0.2
Frequency
50 Hz [ +- 5% ]
ABT Specifications
Display Parameters 1 ] 3 Voltages - Vr , Vy , Vb 2 ] 3 Currents - I r , Iy , Ib 3 ] Kwh Import & 4 ] Rkvah [ Lead ] Export modes 5 ] Rkvah [ Lag ] 6 ] Kvah 7 ] Date and Time 8 ] Power Factor 9 ] KVA MD
ABT Specifications
Modes of MD Reset
Manual Auto MRI Laptop Mobile Phone Remote end
kWh
KVAH KVA [ MD ]
Pf
Tamper Data
Meter CPU generates tamper events on polled approach.
At least 320 tamper events should be memorized.
Current Tamper
CT Reverse CT Short CT Unbalance
Tamper Data
Voltage Tamper
PT Missing PT Low
ABT Specifications
Minimum retention time for NV RAM >= 10 Years Total Energy for billing = true energy + harmonic energy Principle of working sampling PCB SMT [ Surface mounting technology ]
SANDS MRI
Specifications of MRI
standard IEC 1109 CBIP 111 ANSI UART , RS-232 , RS-485 130 bps [ bits per second ] to 115 Kbps. 7.2 Volts , 800 mah Nickel Cadmium battery Communication rate of data transfer
Battery
Storage Capacity
8.5 MB
Maintenance of MRI
Charging of MRI is the main maintenance activity to be carried out. For 8 hour working , the MRI should be charged for 1 hour. If the MRI is not in use , it should be charged once in a week . It should be checked at least within a month that all MRI commands are working properly . Clean the surface of MRI with smooth wet cloth .
MRI Commands
DOS Commands DIR Date Time CLS Ver Vol Path Firmware Commands Master import Master export PC_Term SH TP MSZ TPRMRM
Harmonics Voltage dips and short interruptions Conducted transients DC & AC magnetic fields Electromagnetic fields Electromagnetic discharge
Pin Configuration
No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Pin VR VY VB IRIN IROUT IYIN IYOUT IBIN IBOUT VN Description Red Phase Voltage Yellow Phase Voltage Blue Phase Voltage Red Phase Current IN Red Phase Current OUT Yellow Phase Current IN Yellow Phase Current OUT Blue Phase Current IN Blue Phase Current OUT System neutral
Pin Configuration
No 11 12 13 14 15 Pin Vac(L) Vac(N) Vdc(+) Vdc(-) Description Auxiliary AC Supply ( Live ) Auxiliary AC Supply ( Neutral ) Auxiliary DC Supply ( Positive ) Auxiliary DC Supply ( Negative ) Earth connection
Reports Generation
PC Software Instantaneous Data Billing Data Load Survey Data Tamper Data
MEAA Meter for energy audit & accounting MIT -Meter for interface tariff MC - Meter for Consumer
Modem
Performs modulation and demodulation
Repeater
Perform amplification of the signal to reduce attenuation.
Hubs
Hub is the multiport repeater
Bridge
Multiplexer ( MUX )
Switches
Connects / disconnects internet connectivity
Brouters
Routers that follow all protocols
Ethernet Cable
RJ-11 Connector
Ensure that
Delay in Report Generation MRI / MRI Software / Training not given PC not working . Antivirus not installed. The Tulip link is not healthy .
Commissioning of RTU
RTU Remote terminal Units DC data concentrators Contract given to M/s Siemens vide MSETCL/CO/CE/CRA/RTU/T-0907/7088 dt 31-5-08.
AMR
TOD Meters
TOD Tariff
TOD Shift Slot A 22.00-6.00 -0.75 per Kwh B 6.00 9.00 0 C 9.00 12.00 +0.60 per Kwh 12.00 18.00 0 B 18.00 22.00 1.00 per Kwh D
Surcharge /incentive
HT Metering Kiosk
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