Krishna Institute of Nursing Sciences.

A Seminar on Viral Diseases

Definition: It is an acute viral infection caused by an RNA virus and primarily an infection of alimentary tract.The virus may infect the CNS resulting in varying degree of paralysis and death.

AGENT FACTORS a.Agent - Polio virus. b.Reservoir of infection-man.

c.Period of communicablity-The cases are more infectious 7-10 days before and after onset of symptoms.

HOST FACTORS a. Age-infancy and childhood (between 6mts and 3yrs). b. Sex -3:1 M:F c. Risk factors-trauma,IM inj.,fatigue,operative procedures. d. Immunity-nuetralising antibody.

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS a. Low socio economic conditions,overcrowding,poor sanitation. b. Mode of transmission faeco oral route,droplet infection. c. Incubationperiod-7-14 days.

1.Fever,Headache,diarrhea
2.Vomiting,drowsiness 3.Warning signals are pain,weaakness,stiffness of neck,back and paralysis of affected limb.

Immunisation. Conduct pulse polio immunisation every year. Mopping up. Bed rest,physiotherapy, Disinfection of infected articles.

Definition: Rabies also known as hydrophobia is an acute, highly fatal viral disease of CNS that may be transmitted to humans by a bite from an infected dog.

I t is charecterised by malaise, fever,dysponea,salivation and painful muscle spasm of throat. In later stages of disease the mere sight of water induces convulsions and paralysis and death occurs with in 4-5 days.

1.Agent Factors: a.Agent-Lyssavirus type 1 b.Source of infection-saliva of dog.(dog bite)

2.Host factors: a.Risk factors-All warm blooded animals including man are susceptible to rabies.

3.Environmental factors: a. Mode of transmission-animal bite b. Incubation period.

The virus replicates in muscle or connective tissue cells ,attaches to nerve endings and enters peripheral nerves and effects the whole CNS.

Disease begins wit fever, malaise, headache,twitching,painand numbness at site of bite. Classical signs: Intolerance to noise, light, difficulty in swallowing, hydrophobia,muscle spasm, death due to respiratory paralysis.

1.Local treatment of wound 2.Anti Rabies treatment.

Definition: Influenza is an acute respiratory tract infection caused by influenza virus and charecterised by sudden onset of chills,malaise,fever,muscular pains and cough.

1. Agent a. Agent influenza virus A,B,C b. Reservoir of infection animals and birds. c. Source of infection-cases d. Period of infectivity-1-2 days.

Host a.Age all ages b.Sex-both sexes c.Immunity-an attack of flu gives an temporary immunity for 8-12 mts. Environment a.Season winter b.Mode of transmission-droplet ,direct,handling contaminated articles.

c.Incubation period-18 72 hrs

d.Infectivity period-upto 7 days from beginning of disease

The virus enters the respiratory tract and causes inflammation and necrosis of superficial epithelium of tracheal abd bronchial mucosa followed by secondary bacterial invasion.

1. Fever, chills head ache 2.Sore throat, nasal block,coughing 3.Aches,pain,generalised weakness.

1. Control: Early diagnosis ,notification,isolation,vaccination. 2.Treatment: Rest ,fluid and analgesics ,antiviral , antibiotic Influenza vaccine 0.5ml 2doses at interval of 10 days nasal drops are administered.

Definition : It is defined as the inflammation of the liver caused by viruses,toxins, or chemicals(including drugs), the severity of the disease depend on the causative agent and the degree of organ disruption.

Infected feces, fecal oral route ;heterosexual transmission , contact with blood and body fluids;water borne , close personal contact.

Hepatocytes undergo pathologic changes and are damaged in two distinct ways: Through direct action of the virus or through cell mediated response to the virus. Inflammation of the liver with areas of necrosis occurs,and the resultant damage leads to impairment of function.

1.Endoplasmic reticulum-undergo change 2.Kupfer cells also increase in both size and number. 3.Vascular and ductular tissues undergo inflammatory changes.

Hepatitis A Hepatitis B HepatitisC HepatitisD HepatitisE

Maintain good personal hygiene Proper sanitation. House hold and personal contacts Avoiding post exposure. Safe and effective hand washing Immunisation

Jaundice Lethargy Irritablity Myalgia Anorexia Nausea Vomiting Diarrheo or constipation Fever

Reduce fatigue. Rest is as advisable. Bed rest is advisable. Maintain Nutritional and Fluid Balance. High calorie , low fat, high carbohydrate diet. Antiemetics,Parenteral vitamin K and antihistamines (relief of pruritis) The administration of the bile acid sequestrants cholestyramine(Questran) or colestipol can reduce pruritis.

Thank you SIR