Section 1

Introduction to SPSS

Muhamad Jantan: mjantan@usm.my

Introduction to SPSS

SPSS-2

What is SPSS?
General Purpose Statistical Software Acronym: Statistical Package for Social

Sciences It is interactive in nature Consists of three components

Data Editor Window - data entry and database (.sav) Output Window - all output from any SPSS session (.lst) Syntax Window - commands lines (.sps)

Muhamad Jantan: mjantan@usm.my

Introduction to SPSS

Data Editor Window

This is the window in SPSS where you do the

following:
Data Entry Data Definition Data Manipulation Select Cases

It has two views data view where you will see the raw data for each respondents (questionnaire); each row represents one respondents, while each column represents one variable Variable view where you see the variables and their description (definition) in the database; each row represents one variable
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Data Editor Window

Muhamad Jantan: mjantan@usm.my

Introduction to SPSS

Data Editor Window

Muhamad Jantan: mjantan@usm.my

Introduction to SPSS

Output Window
This is the window where you will see output from each

anlysis (ANALYZE) command issued to SPSS You can navigate easily from one output to another using the navigator on the left side of the screen This is the window that you use to edit any output before transferring to word file for report writing purposes. You do this by double-clicking your left button of the mouse and you will immediately be in the edit mode This is also the window where you can transfer the output to word file or any other file e.g. power point.

Muhamad Jantan: mjantan@usm.my

Introduction to SPSS

Output Window
TRANSFERRING OUTPUT: To Word File:
You have two ways of transferring the output to word file: use COPY or COPY OBJECT. Using COPY the output will not be in the same format as seen on SPSS output file, but it allows you to edit the output in word file easily Using COPY OBJECT, the output will be transferred as it is, and any further editing in word file will be limited to changing the size

To Power Point
You can only use COPY. Should you use COPY OBJECT, you will not get any image pasted on your slides. Thus you are limited to changing the size of the image only.
Muhamad Jantan: mjantan@usm.my

Introduction to SPSS

Output Window

Muhamad Jantan: mjantan@usm.my

Introduction to SPSS

Syntax Window
This is the window where you can issue SPSS command

whether it is during data preparation stage or analysis stage. Data Preparation Stage:
Typically you use syntax where you want to repetitively put labels on values for variables that have the same value labels For example. Let say X1, X2,,X35, X50, X51,, X100 all has the same value labels 1 (strongly disagree), 2 (disagree), 3 (neutral), 4 (agree) and 5 (strongly agree). Then you can type the following: Value labels X1 to X35 X50 to X100 1 (strongly disagree), 2 (disagree), 3 (neutral), 4 (agree) and 5 (strongly agree). Note: In the above the sequence of declaration in your data file must be the same as above. Also note that if there is a break in the sequence then you leave a space. Finally, note that all SPSS command must be terminated with a full-Stop You can also do this for recoding especially reverse scoring variables on the same scale. You also use this for declaring Missing Values etc.
Muhamad Jantan: mjantan@usm.my Introduction to SPSS 9

Syntax Window
Data Analysis Stage:
You can type in the command if you know the syntax for the command directly here and run it. I f you do not know the command, you can use the interactive icon Analyze etc. and then choose the button PASTE. Clicking on the PASTE button will transfer the full command directly onto the syntax file. Analysing using the Syntax File has two benefits:
You can repetitive analysis of the same command but using slightly different variables by just using cut and paste. In situation where you have preliminary data set and you wish to run some preliminary analysis. Then all the command pasted on the syntax file can be saved and rerun once you have the final data set. Preliminary data set may be due to incompleteness or data entry error.

Running the Command from Syntax Window: You can run command selectively, by highlighting the command(s) you wish to run and then click on RUN SELECTION

Muhamad Jantan: mjantan@usm.my

Introduction to SPSS

10

Syntax Window

Muhamad Jantan: mjantan@usm.my

Introduction to SPSS

11

SPSS Data Analysis Stages

Data Preparation Stage
Enter the raw data Manipulate Create

Analysis Stage

Issue the appropriate commands for the right techniques Edit the SPSS output Transfer the output to word format Interpret the output

Output Interpretation Stage

Muhamad Jantan: mjantan@usm.my

Introduction to SPSS

12

The Data Analysis Process

Questionnaire Editing Data Entry & Data Definition Data Validation Testing Goodness of Measure

Data Preparation Stage

Generating Composite Measures

This is the most time-consuming part of analysing data using SPSS Ultimately, at the end of this stage, you will have a database of all the possible variables you require to do your analysis to answer your research questions
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