Transistor

Chapter 11

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Chapter Objectives
Explain the concept of a transistor

Explain the working of a transistor

Identify the types of a transistor npn and pnp Explain the use of a transistor in a computer

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Recall
Diode is an electronic device which allows current to

flow only in one direction

Bias voltage is the voltage applied across a

semiconductor diode
PN junction, Zener, Light Emitting Diode (LED),

Photodiode and Schottky are the most widely used types of diodes
Rectifier is an electronic circuit used for converting an

alternating current to direct current.

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Transistor - I
Transistor is a three terminal electronic device Transistor Amplifies the weak input signal Transistor is used as switch and amplifier with

various electronic devices.

Transistors consume less power hence they have

great efficiency.

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Transistor - II
A transistor consists of three layers of semiconductors:

Base Emitter Collector

The Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) is the simplest

type of transistor BJT are classified into two types: NPN Transistor PNP Transistor
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Question for GD

Time Limit 2mins

What is the difference between transistor and

diode?

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Hands on
Determine the terminals of Transistor and the

Transistor types

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NPN Transistor
In NPN transistors, the middle layer i.e. p-

type material is sandwiched between two outer layers i.e. two n-type materials. Hence, these transistors are known as NPN transistors
When emitter supplies electrons, at the

same time base pulls electrons from emitter. This movement of electrons creates a flow of electricity through the transistor
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Hands on
Identify NPN Transistor using Multimeter

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PNP Transistor
In PNP transistors, the base is formed by

n-type material and the outer two layers i.e. emitter and collector are made up of ptype material. Hence, these transistors are known as PNP transistors. When emitter supplies holes, at the same time base pulls holes from emitter. This movement of holes creates a flow of electricity through the transistor

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Hands on
Identify PNP Transistor using multimeter

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Working of Transistor
Transistor works as a switch or amplifier Base part of transistor is gate controller device for

large amount of electricity

The collector supplies large amount of electricity The emitter gives us the output. The current flowing from collector is regulated by

changing levels of current from the base.

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Question for GD

Time Limit 2mins

What are the three regions in transistor?

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Types of Transistor
Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT) Three layer

sandwich of doped semiconductor materials.

Field Effect Transistor (FET) Two layers of

semiconductor material. Junction Field Effect Transistor (JFET) Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MOFET)
Phototransistors Light detectors that possess

internal gain
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Hands on
Testing of the transistor using a multimeter

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Use of transistors in a computer - I

Transistor is used in memory chips as a switch Number of transistors in computer helps to store

large amount of binary numbers to represent ordinary numbers and alphabets

Transistors used in microprocessors and printer logic

board

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Use of transistors in a computer -II

Switching transistor is used in SMPS Thin film transistor is used in monitor.

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Question for GD

Time Limit 2mins

What are the applications of PNP transistors?

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Summary - I
A transistor is a three terminal electronic device

which amplifies a weak input signal

A bipolar junction transistor is a three-layer sandwich

of doped semiconductor materials. These materials can be either P-N-P or N-P-N

FET transistors are of two types namely junction field

effect transistors (JFET) and metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFET)
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Summary - II
Phototransistors are light detectors that possess

internal gain

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Mind Map
Draw a mind map to summarize this chapter

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