Collisions

Collisions
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Elastic Collisions
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Elastic Collisions 1 dimensional collision
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Elastic Collisions 1 dimensional collision: bodies of equal mass
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Elastic Collisions 1 dimensional collision: bodies of equal mass (one body initially stationary)
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Elastic Collisions 1 dimensional collision: bodies of equal mass (one body initially stationary)
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A uA
Before collision, the total momentum is equal to the momentum of body A
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B vB
After collision, the total momentum is equal to the momentum of body B
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The principle of conservation of momentum states that the total momentum after collision equal to the total momentum before collision (assuming no external forces acting on the bodies)
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The principle of conservation of momentum states that the total momentum after collision equal to the total momentum before collision (assuming no external forces acting on the bodies) mAuA = mBvB
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so, if the masses are equal the velocity of B after
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so, if the masses are equal the velocity of B after is equal to the velocity of A before
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Bodies of different mass
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A uA
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Before the collision, the total momentum is equal to the momentum of body A
A uA
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A
vA
B
vB
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After the collision, the total momentum is the sum of the momenta of body A and body B
A
vA
B
vB
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If we want to calculate the velocities, vA and vB we will use the
A
vA
B
vB
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If we want to calculate the velocities, vA and vB we will use the principle of conservation of momentum
A
vA
B
vB
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The principle of conservation of momentum can be stated here as
D Hoult 2010
The principle of conservation of momentum can be stated here as mAuA = mAvA + mBvB
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The principle of conservation of momentum can be stated here as mAuA = mAvA + mBvB If the collision is elastic then
D Hoult 2010
The principle of conservation of momentum can be stated here as mAuA = mAvA + mBvB If the collision is elastic then kinetic energy is also conserved
D Hoult 2010
The principle of conservation of momentum can be stated here as mAuA = mAvA + mBvB If the collision is elastic then kinetic energy is also conserved mAuA2 = mAvA2 + mBvB2
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The principle of conservation of momentum can be stated here as mAuA = mAvA + mBvB If the collision is elastic then kinetic energy is also conserved mAuA2 = mAvA2 + mBvB2
mAuA2 = mAvA2 + mBvB2
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mAuA = mAvA + mBvB mAuA2 = mAvA2 + mBvB2 From these two equations, vA and vB can be found
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mAuA = mAvA + mBvB mAuA2 = mAvA2 + mBvB2 From these two equations, vA and vB can be found
BUT
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It can be shown* that for an elastic collision, the velocity of body A relative to body B before the collision is equal to the velocity of body B relative to body A after the collision
D Hoult 2010
It can be shown* that for an elastic collision, the velocity of body A relative to body B before the collision is equal to the velocity of body B relative to body A after the collision
* a very useful phrase !

D Hoult 2010
It can be shown* that for an elastic collision, the velocity of body A relative to body B before the collision is equal to the velocity of body B relative to body A after the collision uA In this case, the velocity of A relative to B, before the collision is equal to
D Hoult 2010
It can be shown* that for an elastic collision, the velocity of body A relative to body B before the collision is equal to the velocity of body B relative to body A after the collision uA In this case, the velocity of A relative to B, before the collision is equal to uA
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It can be shown* that for an elastic collision, the velocity of body A relative to body B before the collision is equal to the velocity of body B relative to body A after the collision vA vB
and the velocity of B relative to A after the collision is equal to
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and the velocity of B relative to A after the collision is equal to vB vA
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and the velocity of B relative to A after the collision is equal to vB vA
for proof click here

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We therefore have two easier equations to play with to find the velocities of the bodies after the collision equation 1
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We therefore have two easier equations to play with to find the velocities of the bodies after the collision equation 1 mAuA = mAvA + mBvB
equation 2
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We therefore have two easier equations to play with to find the velocities of the bodies after the collision equation 1 mAuA = mAvA + mBvB
equation 2 uA = vB vA
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A uA
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A uA
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A vA
B vB
After the collision, the total momentum is the sum of the momenta of body A and body B
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Using the principle of conservation of momentum
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Using the principle of conservation of momentum mAuA = mAvA + mBvB
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Using the principle of conservation of momentum mAuA = mAvA + mBvB A vA B vB
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One of the momenta after collision will be a negative quantity

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2 dimensional collision
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2 dimensional collision
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After the collision, the total momentum is equal to the sum of the momenta of both bodies
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Now the sum must be a vector sum

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mAvA
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mAvA
mBvB
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mAvA
mBvB
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mAvA
mBvB
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mAvA
mBvB
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mAvA p
mBvB
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mAvA p mAuA mBvB
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mAvA p mAuA mBvB
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mAvA p mAuA mBvB
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mAvA p mAuA mBvB
p = mAuA
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2 dimensional collision: Example Body A has initial speed uA = 50 ms-1
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2 dimensional collision: Example Body A has initial speed uA = 50 ms-1 Body B is initially stationary
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2 dimensional collision: Example Body A has initial speed uA = 50 ms-1 Body B is initially stationary Mass of A = mass of B = 2 kg
D Hoult 2010
2 dimensional collision: Example Body A has initial speed uA = 50 ms-1 Body B is initially stationary Mass of A = mass of B = 2 kg After the collision, body A is found to be moving at speed vA = 25 ms-1 in a direction at 60 to its original direction of motion
D Hoult 2010
2 dimensional collision: Example Body A has initial speed uA = 50 ms-1 Body B is initially stationary Mass of A = mass of B = 2 kg After the collision, body A is found to be moving at speed vA = 25 ms-1 in a direction at 60 to its original direction of motion Find the kinetic energy possessed by body B after the collision
D Hoult 2010

Collisions

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Collisions

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Collisions

Elastic Collisions 1 dimensional collision

Elastic Collisions 1 dimensional collision: bodies of equal mass

Before collision, the total momentum is equal to the momentum of body A

After collision, the total momentum is equal to the momentum of body B

so, if the masses are equal the velocity of B after

Bodies of different mass

If we want to calculate the velocities, vA and vB we will use the

The principle of conservation of momentum can be stated here as

mAuA2 = mAvA2 + mBvB2

* a very useful phrase !

and the velocity of B relative to A after the collision is equal to

and the velocity of B relative to A after the collision is equal to vB vA

and the velocity of B relative to A after the collision is equal to vB vA

for proof click here

Using the principle of conservation of momentum

Using the principle of conservation of momentum mAuA = mAvA + mBvB

Using the principle of conservation of momentum mAuA = mAvA + mBvB A vA B vB

Using the principle of conservation of momentum mAuA = mAvA + mBvB A vA B vB

Using the principle of conservation of momentum mAuA = mAvA + mBvB A vA B vB

One of the momenta after collision will be a negative quantity

Now the sum must be a vector sum

mAvA p mAuA mBvB

mAvA p mAuA mBvB

mAvA p mAuA mBvB

mAvA p mAuA mBvB

2 dimensional collision: Example Body A has initial speed uA = 50 ms-1

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