This includes Lessons 1, 2, and 4

What is Hardware? Evolution of Computer Hardware Functions of Computer Hardware Proper Hardware Design

What is Hardware?
This refers to the physical and mechanical components of a computer system It consists of devices such as circuit boards, chips, monitors, keyboards, and printers

Evolution of Computer Hardware:

First Generation- Electronic Numerical Integrator Analyzer and Computer (ENIAC) (1940-1956) Second Generation- Transistors (1956-1963) Third Generation- Integrated Circuits or Microchips(1964-1971) Fourth Generation- Microprocessors(1971-Present) Fifth Generation- Artificial Intelligence(Present and Beyond)

Functions of Computer Hardware

Storage
Refers to the ability of computers to store and retain data in memory It is measured in bytes Byte-it is a series of 1s and 0s usually grouped as sequence of eight bytes Volatile- memory refers to computer memory that requires electric power to store data temporarily. Random-access memory (RAM) is an example of this. RAM- it is used to speed up the loading times of software applications such as the Operating System. It is also used to process photos, sounds and movies.
Non-Volatile- it is a type of memory that retains data even if electric power is cut off. EXAMPLES: - Hard disk- contains the computers Operating System, files associated with other programs in the computer, and your own personal files such as documents, images, movies and music. - Optical Disk- this is a portable storage medium that is read and written using laser technology. CD (Compact Disc) can store up to 650 MB of data. DVD (Digital Video Disc) can store 4 to 8 GB of Data. Blu-Ray discs can store 25 to 50 GB of data. - USB flash Drive- this is a chip that can be erased and reprogrammed to hold data. There are also some flash drives that use SD (Secure Digital) cards for storage and connect to the PC using the USB port.

Process
- The ability of Computers to process data. Data Processing it is defined as the conversion of data from one format to another. Data- refers to a collection of numbers and characters which the computer understands. Microprocessor or CPU (Central Processing Unit)- it is the brain of the computer. Parallel processing- this harnesses the power of multiple processors in one computing entity to perform a single task. Distributed processing- it is used to bind multiple computing entities so that they become a single centralized unit focused on a common task or goal. Intel, Advanced Micro Devices (AMD), VIA Technologies, and Transmeta are some of the companies that manufacture microprocessors for PCs.

Input
Input devices- can be built into the computer by a cable. These are used to interact with the computer. EXAMPLES: Keyboard Mouse Trackballs Touch pads Joysticks Graphics tablet Light pens Cyber gloves Touch screens Game controllers Scanners Bar codes Readers Video Digital cameras Microphones

Output
Output devices- these tells us what the computer is doing with the instructions we supplied to it. EXAMPLES: Monitor or Screen Speakers Printers

Proper Hardware Design

Monitor- A screen that displays what is going on in the computer.

Keyboard- main input device for most computers. Used to input textual information to the computer.

Mouse- Lets you feed instructions to the computer by simply pointing and clicking in a graphical environment.

System Case- Box that houses the CPU. Normally, it has expansion slots, contains spare drive bays, and allows space to work inside for attachments to the system unit.

Motherboard- main circuit board in the computer. All the other parts of the computer have a direct or indirect connection to it.

Main Memory/RAM- allows computers to store and retain information. These are Motherboard-dependent which means it only depends if it accepts the Motherboard.

Processor- brain of the computer that handles the flow of all data. This is what computer manufacturers usually advertise because speed is something that buyers can relate to.

Hard disk- Storage device that holds the Operating System and other programs and data files. A drive that spins at least 7,200 revolutions per minute (RPM) is recommended.

Floppy Disk Drive- it is the slowest form of long-term secondary storage for the computer and so thats why it has been phased out in favor of more durable CD and DVD writer as well as flash drives.

CD-ROM/DVD-ROM Drive- reads CDs or DVDs.

Video/graphics card- it provides graphics-intensive applications such as videogames, editing pictures and movies.

Sound Cards- Converts data into sound to be sent to speakers or convert sounds to digital formats.

Cable Connectors- they are required in order to communicate with the motherboard and other components.

Other Peripherals- Optional devices that you connect to your computer, like printers and removable storage devices.

Network Card/Modem- It is through this card or modem that we are able to connect to the internet.

Power Supply- it supplies power to your computer with enough wattage to run the equipment or computer.

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Free Music For Fun ! Music: Ako na lang Singer: Zia Quizon

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What is Software? Systems and Applications How Software Works with Hardware Uses of Software Cloud Computing

What is Software?
- This refers to instructional information that directs the activities of the computer hardware or helps the user control the hardware components of the computer. It is also sometimes called a computer program. EXAMPLES: Word processors Databases Spreadsheets E-mail programs Web browsers Anything else the computer runs and executes are all kinds of software

Systems and Applications

Software are classified into two:
System Software- helps run the computer system. It controls and manages individual hardware components. EXAMPLES: Device drivers Programming tools Utilities Operating system- the system software responsible for all basic operations of the computer. EXAMPLES: Windows Linux Mac OS UNIX Firmware- a system software embedded into the hardware system Basic Input-Output System (BIOS)- this locates and loads the operating system into the memory each time you switch on your computer. Device driver or driver- the system software that helps the OS communicate with hardware components

Application Software- it helps a computer user perform specific tasks. It directly applies the various capabilities and resources of the computer to solve problems. EXAMPLES: Office suites Media players Computer games

Office suite or Productivity suite- it is a bundle of separate but interrelated and compatiible software. It normally consists of a word processor for typing. EXAMPLES: Microsoft Office StarOffice OpenOffice Lotus Smart Suite
Multimedia software- it is a software which includes media players and graphics programs. Analytical software- they are designed specifically to solve complex mathematical problems Collaborative software or Groupware- integrates the work done on a common project by many users in different locations.

How software works with Hardwares

Requirements for Readable Software: The data must be recorded in a medium such as a hard disk, floppy disk, compact disc, or any other storage medium that can be read by the computer The data must be written in a format that can be read by the computer or the OS running on the computer. Requirements for Executable Software: It must be possible for the data to run in the computer hardware using a set of commands or procedure The ability of the data to run must extend beyond the starting phase and must allow the practical application or functional use of the software content.

Freeware, freely redistributable software (FRS), shareware, or open source- software that can be free. It does not charge something to users, they can be freely downloaded. Freeware- software that can be freely downloaded from the internet Source code- a programming language that humans can read and machines can execute Shareware- a software commonly available for free for a limited period Commercial software- this must be purchased directly from software distributors or over the internet by using a credit card.

Uses of Software: Publishing Design Research Product Integration Business Solutions

Information Technology (IT) Information and Communications Technology (ICT)- it is the development of productivity tools and environments in which to use them. Convergence- it is a term to define the coming together of various computing and communications technologies in unique products.

Cloud Computing
CLOUD COMPUTING CAN ESSENTIALLY BE CLASSIFIED INTO 3 SERVICES MODELS: Cloud Software as a Service(SaaS)- this is where software applications in a remote location are accessed through the internet. These applications can be accessed through the use of a web browser Cloud Platform as a Service (PaaS)- here the user can create software systems and deploy them on a remote server. However, the user cannot modify any other aspects of the remote server other than the system he created.

Cloud Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)- here the user has control over the software components of the remote server such as the operating system and other applications

Follow-ups:
Packaged software- produced and sold by software companies for general usage User-written software- made by computer programmers for individuals or companies with specific needs Cloud computing- the sharing of information technology resources over the internet.

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From IT to ICT Development of the Internet in the Philippines ICT at Home and in School The Social Impact of ICT

From IT to ICT

Communications Technology It is an ancient forms of communication Morse code It is also an invention of radiotelegraphy in 1901 by Guglielmo Marconi Telegram in the 1920s, telefacsimile in 1843 and fax machine in 1970s

 Information Technology (IT)- it is the technology necessary for processing information Information Appliance- these are devices that can process information, signals, graphics, animation, video and audio. It can also exchange such information with IA device Wireless Application Protocol (WAP), Wireless Fidelity (WiFi)

ICT at Home and in School

ICT at Home: Telephone Cellphone Television Internet E-mail

ICT at School: e-learning Global Electronic Education Campus-Based Education Off-Campus Education

Social Impact of ICT

Employment Innovation Fame or Popularity Depression

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