M.R.

Santos

The Millennium Development Goals

Global Commitment to the Millennium Development Goals

In September 2000, one hundred and eighty-nine UN membercountries -- rich and poor alike reaffirmed their commitment to peace and security, good governance, and attention to the most vulnerable with the adoption of the Millennium Declaration.

Containing commitments to achieve the eight MDGs and the specific targets under them by 2015, the Millennium Declaration reflects the vision of entire nations, working together with international and country-based organizations, to wipe out poverty and the worst forms of human deprivation, and lay the foundations for sustainable human development by the year 2015.

The overarching need is to ensure that the MDGs are integrated into and given top priority in each committed country's development planning efforts: with efficient monitoring, localization, and advocacy systems put in place; crucial financing secured; multisectoral support mobilized; and an enabling environment created with an MDG-responsive policy framework and legislation.

The Millennium Development Goals in the Philippines

Since the Philippines first resolved to adopt the MDGs, it has made encouraging strides, particularly towards the attainment of targets on reducing extreme poverty; child mortality; the incidence of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria; on improving gender equality in education; and improving households' adequate dietary intake as well as access to safe drinking water.

Underpinning these gains are two facts. First, the MDGs have been tightly integrated into the Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan (MTPDP) 2004-2010, thus allowing government strategies, policies and action plans to simultaneously address national and MDG targets. Second, the government has continually closely monitored its own rate of progress in MDG indicators, and used this information to fine-tune its planning and implementation, especially to ensure effective implementation at the local level.

Nevertheless, serious challenges and threats remain with regard to targets on maternal health, access to reproductive health services, nutrition, primary education, and environmental sustainability. And glaring disparities across regions persist, as do severe funding constraints.

The overall probability of attaining the targets remains high, though dependent largely on the confluence of several factors, among them: scaling up of current efforts on all target areas; more efficient synchronization and allocation of available limited resources, including mobilization of additional resources; and stronger advocacy for and enhanced capability to implement the MDGs at the local level.

The Millennium Development Goals and Indicators

Goal 1: Eradicating extreme poverty and hunger

Target 1a: Reduce by half the proportion of people living on less than a dollar a day
1.1 Proportion of population below $1 (PPP) per day 1.2 Poverty gap ratio 1.3 Share of poorest quintile in national consumption Target 1b: Achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women and young people

1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7

Growth rate of GDP per person employed Employment-to-population ratio Proportion of employed people living below $1 (PPP) per day Proportion of own-account and contributing family workers in total employment

Goal 1: Eradicating extreme poverty and hunger

Target 1c: Reduce by half the proportion of people who suffer from hunger 1.8 Prevalence of underweight children under-five years of age 1.9 Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption

Goal 2: Achieving universal primary education

Target 2a: Ensure that all boys and girls complete a full course of primary schooling 2.1 Net enrolment ratio in primary education 2.2 Proportion of pupils starting grade 1 who reach last grade of primary 2.3 Literacy rate of 15-24 year-olds, women and men

Goal 3: Promoting gender equality and empowering women

Target 3a: Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education preferably by 2005, and at all levels by 2015 3.1 Ratios of girls to boys in primary, secondary and tertiary education 3.2 Share of women in wage employment in the nonagricultural sector 3.3 Proportion of seats held by women in national parliament

Goal 4: Reducing child mortality

Target 4a: Reduce by two thirds the mortality rate among children under five 4.1 Under-five mortality rate 4.2 Infant mortality rate 4.3 Proportion of 1 year-old children immunized against measles

Goal 5: Improving maternal health

Target 5a: Reduce by three quarters the maternal mortality ratio 5.1 Maternal mortality ratio 5.2 Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel Target 5b: Achieve, by 2015, universal access to reproductive health 5.3 Contraceptive prevalence rate 5.4 Adolescent birth rate 5.5 Antenatal care coverage (at least one visit and at least four visits) 5.6 Unmet need for family planning

Goal 6: Combating HIV /AIDS, malaria and other diseases

Target 6a: Halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS 6.1 HIV prevalence among population aged 15-24 years 6.2 Condom use at last high-risk sex 6.3 Proportion of population aged 15-24 years with comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS 6.4 Ratio of school attendance of orphans to school attendance of non-orphans aged 10-14 years

Goal 6: Combating HIV /AIDS, malaria and other diseases

Target 6b: Achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS for all those who need it
6.5 Proportion of population with advanced HIV infection with access to antiretroviral drugs

Goal 6: Combating HIV /AIDS, malaria and other diseases

Target 6c: Halt and begin to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases 6.6 Incidence and death rates associated with malaria 6.7 Proportion of children under 5 sleeping under insecticidetreated bednets 6.8 Proportion of children under 5 with fever who are treated with appropriate anti-malarial drugs 6.9 Incidence, prevalence and death rates associated with tuberculosis 6.10 Proportion of tuberculosis cases detected and cured under directly observed treatment short course

Goal 7: Ensuring environmental sustainability

Target 7a: Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programmes; reverse loss of environmental resources Target 7b: Reduce biodiversity loss, achieving, by 2010, a significant reduction in the rate of loss 7.1 Proportion of land area covered by forest 7.2 CO2 emissions, total, per capita and per $1 GDP (PPP) 7.3 Consumption of ozone-depleting substances 7.4 Proportion of fish stocks within safe biological limits 7.5 Proportion of total water resources used 7.6 Proportion of terrestrial and marine areas protected 7.7 Proportion of species threatened with extinction

Goal 7: Ensuring environmental sustainability

Target 7c: Reduce by half the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation 7.8 Proportion of population using an improved drinking water source 7.9 Proportion of population using an improved sanitation facility Target 7d: Achieve significant improvement in lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers, by 2020 7.10 Proportion of urban population living in slums

Goal 8: Developing global partnerships for development

Target 8a: Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable, non-discriminatory trading and financial system Includes a commitment to good governance, development and poverty reduction both nationally and internationally Target 8b: Address the special needs of the least developed countries Includes: tariff and quota free access for the least developed countries' exports; enhanced programme of debt relief for heavily indebted poor countries (HIPC) and cancellation of official bilateral debt; and more generous ODA for countries committed to poverty reduction

Goal 8: Developing global partnerships for development

Target 8c: Address the special needs of landlocked developing countries and small island developing States (through the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States and the outcome of the twenty-second special session of the General Assembly)
Target 8d: Deal comprehensively with the debt problems of developing countries through national and international measures in order to make debt sustainable in the long term

Goal 8: Developing global partnerships for development

Official Development Assistance (ODA)
8.1 Net ODA, total and to the least developed countries, as percentage of OECD/DAC donors gross national income 8.2 Proportion of total bilateral, sector-allocable ODA of OECD/DAC donors to basic social services (basic education, primary health care, nutrition, safe water and sanitation) 8.3 Proportion of bilateral official development assistance of OECD/DAC donors that is untied 8.4 ODA received in landlocked developing countries as a proportion of their gross national incomes 8.5 ODA received in small island developing States as a proportion of their gross national incomes

Goal 8: Developing global partnerships for development

Market access
8.6 Proportion of total developed country imports (by value and excluding arms) from developing countries and least developed countries, admitted free of duty 8.7 Average tariffs imposed by developed countries on agricultural products and textiles and clothing from developing countries 8.8 Agricultural support estimate for OECD countries as a percentage of their gross domestic product 8.9 Proportion of ODA provided to help build trade capacity

Goal 8: Developing global partnerships for development

Debt sustainability
8.10 Total number of countries that have reached their HIPC decision points and number that have reached their HIPC completion points (cumulative) 8.11 Debt relief committed under HIPC and MDRI Initiatives 8.12 Debt service as a percentage of exports of goods and services

Goal 8: Developing global partnerships for development

Target 8e: In cooperation with pharmaceutical companies, provide access to affordable essential drugs in developing countries 8.13 Proportion of population with access to affordable essential drugs on a sustainable basis Target 8f: In cooperation with the private sector, make available the benefits of new technologies, especially information and communications 8.14 Telephone lines per 100 population 8.15 Cellular subscribers per 100 population 8.16 Internet users per 100 population