By Radhika R 1BJ07EE032

SRI BHAGWAN MAHAWEER JAIN COLLEGE OF ENGGINERING ELECTICAL AND ELECTRONICS

INTRODUCTION
The increase in demand for electricity and the growing

energy density in metropolitan cities have made it necessary to extend the existing high voltage network right up to the consumer. Stepping down the voltage from transmission to the distribution level at the substations located near the actual consumers not only yields economic advantages, but also ensures reliable power supply. Such substations are required to meet a number of severe requirements, including small installation size, effective protection against atmospheric pollution and moisture.
2

 Noiseless operation, non explosive and flame resistant,

reduced maintenance, minimal radio interference while providing excellent electric characteristics. Conventional substations using atmospheric air as the main dielectric cannot satisfy these requirements, but totally enclosed substations using Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6)Gas insulation that are also known as Gas Insulated Substations (GIS). GIS is now in widespread use in the electrical power industry, especially in metropolitan areas.

Air Insulated Substation:

a) It requires huge amount of area . b) Each and every component of substation is exposed to air and pollution. c) Particularly in coastal area all the insulators are exposed to air and saline contamination. d) Frequent flashovers and breakdown occurs. e) Maintenance cost is more. f) Installation time is also more. g) More concrete work is necessary.
4

GAS ISULATED SUSTSTION.

Gas insulated Substations have found a broad range

applications in power systems over the last three decades because of their high reliability Easy maintenance, small ground space requirements etc.,.
In our country also few GIS units have been in

operation and a large number of units are under various stages of installation.
GIS have no risks for fire & explosion due to leakage

of oil.

Why GIS?
They generate no noise & have no radio interference. Located closure to load centers there by reducing

transmission & distribution losses.

It offer solutions including,

- In industrial areas where space & pollution problems - Mountain areas where ice & snow are major problems

How GIS is better than AIS..?

The dielectric strength of SF6 gas at atmospheric

pressure is approximately three times that of air. It is incombustible, non toxic, colourless and chemically inert. It has arc-quenching properties 3 to 4 times better than air at equal pressure. This enables the substation to be laid in a much lesser space. Space requirement is only 10 to 25 percent of what is required is a conventional substation.
7

 Space requirement is

only 10 to 25 %of what is required is a conventional substation. Thus where creation of a substation becomes necessary but adequate space is not available, such as in big cities or otherwise highly populated areas, GIS is the solution reference:
8

Applications of GIS
High voltage installations (above 115kv)
Urban installations Indoor installations

Situation in the Past

Yesterday, switchgear were air, oil or cast-resin insulated with the following features:
Huge dimensions Dependent on pollution and climate Maintenance at regular intervals

Human failure during maintenance

High fire risk Not arc-fault tested

This means:
High investment for buildings High costs for maintenance staff and system

transfer in the network Breakdown of the network (longer downtimes)

10

Requirement for development

Personal safety
Reliability of supply Maintenance-free design Suitability for all switching duties

Sufficient power reserves

Low fire risk Small, light design

Concept options for new switchgear due to availability of the following equipment:
Maintenance-free switching devices Shockproof cable plugs and bar connections Electronic measuring and protection devices
11

Todays GIS with following befits

Small, compact dimensions

Independent of environmental effects and climate

Widely maintenance-free Maximum safety for staff Low fire risk Arc-fault tested

Advantages:
Low invest for buildings due to compact dimensions and

climate-independent design Maximized power supply reliability Maximum personal safety Lowest life cycle costs Reduced operational costs - no additional maintenance costs

12

DRAWBACK
GIS installations tend to be much more expensive that

air-insulated installations with the same rating. VFTO during switching operations or earth faults and transient enclosure voltages and particle contamination

13

FUTURE TRENDS IN GAS INSULATED SUBSTATIONS

14

CONCLUSION:
GIS are necessary for EHV&UHV and some important

areas to be studied include more conservative designs better particle control&improved gas handling&decomposition product management techniques Achieving&maintaining high levels of availability requires a more integrated approach to quality control by both users and manufactures

15

REFERENCE:
http://www.ayyarao.blog.co.in
http://www.google.com http://www.wikipedia.com

http://www.seminarprojects.com/gas-insulated-

substation#ixzz4OfpoVWx0

16

17