Grain Sieving machine

Batch -B2 Sachin Patil Pratham Sehgal Manoj Pai Vaishak B

2BV10IP036 2BV10IP030 2BV10IP022 2BV09IP056

Under the guidance of Prof B.S Kakol

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INTRODUCTION & DEFINITION

1.SIEVING
Sieving is a simple and convenient technique of separating particles of different sizes.

2.UNCLEAN GRAINS
The various types of waste particles that are present in the grains are fine dust, husk, mud particles, stones. The grains that reach the retailers are unclean and they need to be cleaned before they can sell them.

3.PROBLEM STATEMENT To design a low cost, portable grain sieving machine for
grocery shops.

Field Survey
The team visited more backend office, Amrutha foods and Basveshwar General stores in hubli. Present scenario They employ laborers for manual sieving and cleaning of the grains The time required for manual sieving is more. The labor cost is high. The exiting sieving machine are of very high capacity and expensive Low capacity sieving machines required by the retailers can be custom made but they are expensive.
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LITERATURE REVIEW
The existing sieving machines are custom made. The machines with capacity as high as 2-3 tones per hour are available. These machines are expensive. These machines are designed to sieve any 1 particular substance. They occupy more space

Objectives tree
Sieving

Performance

Production

Economy

Convenience

Easy to handle
Does the job quickly Durable Simple mechanism
Simple Assembly

Low cost of production

Low cost of repair and maintenance

Easy to repair

Objectives and Constraints

Objectives
Clean the grains effectively. Clean the grains in less time. It should sieve multiple substances. It should be of low cost Easy to operate and maintain. It should be portable.

Constraints
It should sieve 30kgs/hour. It should not occupy more than 5 sq feet area. It should not cost more than Rs 5000.

Functional Analysis
Unclean grains

Grain sieving machine

Clean grains

Functions
Sieving action Driving force Collection Support

Morphological chart
Functions/ Features 1 2 3 4 5 6

Sieving action

Linear reciproca tion Manual

Angular reciprocati on DC motor

Rotation

Gyration

Driving force

AC motor

IC engine

Collection

Metal box Paper bag

Plastic box

Polythene bag

Letting off to fall on ground

Support

Fixed

Wheels

Tracks

Slider

The Total number of alternatives that can be generated are 4*4*5*4=320

Generation of Alternatives Alternative 1

Reciprocating Sieving Machine Advantages:1)Cleaning percentage of grains is high 2)It is economical 3) Sieving can be done at two sides 4)Driving force can be manual or electrically powered 5)Sieve plates of different mesh sizes can be used based on grain size Disadvantages:1)Loading and unloading of grains is time consuming.
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Alternative 2

Rotator Sieving Machine

Advantages:1)Mechanism is simple. 2) Driving force can be manual or electrically powered. 3)Cleaned grains move fall at the one end of the drum, therefore collection of the cleaned grains becomes easy Disadvantages:1)Cleaning percentage of grains is less 2)Sieve plates cannot be changed 3)Costly 4)Collection of unwanted waste particles that are seperated is difficult
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Alternative 3

Reciprocating Sieving machine

Advantages:1)Sieve plates can be changed 2)Cleaning percentage is satisfactory Disadvantages:1) Mechanism is complex 2)Expensive 3) Loading and unloading of grains is time consuming.
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Selection of Best Alternatives

Alternatives Sieving Action 1 2 3 8 6 8 Driving Force 7 5 5 5 6 5 9 9 6 29 26 24 Collection Support Total

Alternative 1 is the best alternative selected due to following reasons Cleaning percentage of grains is high in Reciprocating sieving action. Sieve Plates of different mesh sizes can be used. Ease of operation- Manual or electrically powered. Sieving action can take place on two sides due to scotch-yoke mechanism. Collection of unwanted waste particles is easy Collection of cleaned grains is easy. Acceleration attained in scotch yoke mechanism is more compared to slider crank mechanism
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Experimental Results
1)Jowar Avg. diameter of jowar grain is 2.5 to 3mm. There is no uniformity in the size of grains. Some grains may be even of diameter 1.7 to 2mm. Sieving can be done by using sieve plate of mesh size 2 sq. 2)Wheat Sieve plate of 2 sq. mm mesh size must be used. 3)Flour For wheat flour 1 sq. mm mesh size must be used. For Maida 0.5 sq.mm mesh size must be used. 4)Round sieve plate of diameter 240mm can effectively sieve 500gms of grains 5)8 to 10 reciprocations(strokes) are needed to sieve 500 gms of grains 6)Average velocity of reciprocation needed for effective sieving is 0.82 mtrs/sec
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Detailed Design
Link diagram of mechanism

According to Kutzbach criterion, F=3*(L-1)-2J-H Therefore Degree of freedom F=1

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Detailed Design(contd)
Force needed for sieving action is F=ma=140N The acceleration analysis is done & value of acceleration is found out. Depending on the forces acting the components are designed

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Component Drawings

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Bill Of Material
Component Description no 1 2 3 4 Circular rod Yoke Circular rod Rectangular rod Mild Steel Mild Steel Mild Steel Mild Steel 2 1 1 2 Material Quantity

5
6 7 8

Rectangular rod
Rectangular rod Clamp Bearing

Mild Steel
Mild Steel Mild Steel Nickel Steel

2
4 4 1

Sieve arrangement

Stainless Steel

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Cost Estimation
Component No Cost(Rs)

1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Machining & Welding cost Forging cost

65
30 73 40 60 120 40 40 600 900 130

Miscellaneous cost
Total cost

300
2400

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Fabrication
The manufacturing processes used are1. Arc welding 2. Hot forming 3. Grinding

TESTING
1) Time taken to sieve. The time taken for manual sieving of different masses of grains were taken and compared with the time taken by the machine to sieve that much mass of grains. The results are plotted on the graph. On the x-axis different masses of grains are taken. In the y-axis time taken is taken. The time taken for sieving using a machine is lesser than time taken for manual sieving.
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MASS OF THE GRAINS(GRAMS) 250 500

MANUAL SIEVING(SECONDS) 22 40

MACHINE(SECONDS) 10 18

750
1000

58
82

25
32

90 80 70 60

50 Machine
40 30 20 10 0 250 500 750 1000 Manual

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2)Time taken to load and unload the grains The time taken to load and unload the grains in the sieving arrangement is same as compared to the manual sieving 3) Human effort Human effort is lessened by the machine. The operator has to rotate the handle to operate the machine. Therefore he is subjected to very less fatigue compared to manual sieving.

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CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

CONCLUSION
It cleans the grains effectively It takes less time compared to manual sieving It is of low cost and affordable by the grocery shop keepers It is portable. By using this sieving machine the grocery shopkeepers can save the labor cost of manual sieving.

FUTURE SCOPE
The sieving action can be completely automated by using a motor and completely reducing human effort The unloading and collection of cleaned grains can be automated. Sieve plates of larger size can be used thus increasing the capacity of the sieving machine.
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Thank You !!!

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