Satellite Communication

Satellite Communications

Sat.Comm
Receive Antenna

Satellite

Trans Antenna

Downlink Fd

Uplinkl Fu

Earth Station

Earth Station

Satellite Communications
Band
C- Band Ku-Band

Up-LINK (GHz) 5.925 - 6.425

14.00 - 14.50

Down-Link (GHz) 3.7 4.2

10.70 - 11.70

Ka- Band

27.00 - 30.00

18.10 20.20

Satellite Communications

Carrier Frequency : 2.225 Ghz Frequency Band in Each Direction: 500 Mhz No.of Sub-Bands: 12 B/W per Sub-Bands : 36Mhz Guard Band : 4 MHz Each Sub-Band : 1RF BEACON Signal : 4.031 to 4.038 GHz Sat.Delay : 280 m.sec (one path)

Equipment in Comm.sat
1) Payload : Transponder : Transmit, Receive antennas other equipments Receives signals, multiplex, demuliplex, amplify and transmit. 2)Support Subsystems : Power Supply, Altitude, orbit control eqpt. Telemetry, Telecommand systems

Orbits and Systems.

Orbit is Path traversed by a satellite

Satellite

Orbits and Systems

LEO: Low Earth Orbit: -- 0-2000 Kms -- Orbit Period : 90 min -- Short Round Trip Time (RTT) -- Used for MSS: Mobile Sat. Series -- Life :5-7 Years

Orbits and Systems

MEO: Medium Earth Orbit -- 2000-36000 Kms -- Intermediate Circular Orbit -- Use Low Power and Smaller antenna than GEO -

Orbits and Systems

GEO : Geo-Stationary Orbit -- Above 36000 Kms -- The Orbit Path is called as Clarke Belt -- Latitude : Zero -- Altitude : Constant -- Covers 40% of Planet -- Life :10-15 Years

GEO Satellite

Rotate at same speed of earth Rotation Time: 23 Hrs,56 Min,4 Sec Called as Sidereal Day Use for Telecom applications Rotate in Equatorial Plane Rotate Easterly..

Earth Station
Main Earth Station: Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai, Mumbai and Shilong 1) Diameter of Antenna: 11 Mtr 2) Mounting: Azimuth 3) G/T Ratio (Figure of Merit) : 31.7 db/*k 4) LNA : Low Noise Amplifier in Central Hub G/T Ratio used to describe the capability Of an earth stn to receive a signal from satellite 1) G= Gain of Antenna at Receiving freq. 2) T= Effective noise temperature of the receiving system.

Earth Station
Primary Earth Station: Diameter of Antenna: 7.5 Mtr G/T Ratio: 25.7 db/k Remote Earth Station: Diameter of Antenna: 4.5 Mtr Mounting : X-Y Type G/T Ratio :19.7 db/k

Antenna and Mounting

Different Types of Antennas Parrabolid Horn Reflector Dual Reflecors Antennas Cassegrain Gregorian

Antenna and Mounting

Different types of Antenna Mountings 1) Azimuth Mounting Primary (Azimuth) Axis:Vertical to Ground Secondary (Elevation) Axis: Horizontal 2) X-Y Mounting Primary (Azimuth) Axis: Horizontal to Ground Secondary (Elevation) Axis: Vertical

Antenna and Mounting

3) Polar Type : Ha Axis: Parallal To Gnd Dec Axis: Vertical To Gnd
4) Tripod (for Small E/S): Three Legs, One leg is fixed and other two legs are Variable

E/S Configuration

Antenns Subsystems
Low Noise Amplifiers Ground Communications and Multiplex Equipments Station Control Facilities

INSAT

Indian National Sat.System For Long Distance Comm. Metrological Earth Observations Nation Wide Sat.TV Broad Casting Nation Wide Radio N/w And Many More..

INSAT (Telecomm)

Long Distance Trunk Routes Mobile Sat.Service :MSS Remote Area Business Msg. N/w: RABMN High Speed VSAT n/w : HVNET Long Distance Telephone Service: LDST Remote and Rural area Communication VSAT,IDR,DSPT

INSAT Series
INSAT -1 Series - INSAT 1A - INSAT 1B - INSAT 1C - INSAT 1D 2) INSAT -2 Series : 5 Sat 3)INSAT -3 Series : 5 Sat 4) INSAT -4 Series : 5 Sat only for comm.

VSAT

VSAT : Very small aperture Terminal Ku Band VAST offers value added satellite based services like Internet,LAN,Voice,fax Use for Geographically Dispersed Locations,Where no other services available Poweful Private comm.solutions

VSAT

Uplink Frq: 14.437 Ghz Down-Link: 11.637 Ghz Dish Diameter :1.2-1.8 Mtr Act Like Small Earth Station TDMA,DAMA,SCPC/MCPC Star or Mesh Topology HUB earth Station at Banglore

DSPT

Digital Satellite Phone Terminal DSPT using VSAT Network provides PSTN connectivity to rural area,remote,inaccessible area and hilly area via INSAT Hub Station at Sikandarabad (A.P) Mostly for North, North East,and East Region

DSPT

Up-Link: 13.75- 14.5 Ghz Down-Link: 10.7- 12.75 Ghz

IDR

IDR: Intermediate Data Rate sat service It gives Digital Sat. connectivity to different exchanges. C-Band IDR : 2 Mbps,8Mbps connetivity Ku- Band IDR : To connect TAX exchanges using SAT. on INSAT-2C Small Antenna No interference with M/W

IDR
Data Service Voice and Non-Voice Circuits Not Beyond 140 Mbps On ISDN or PSTN: --- 64 kbps to 44.736 Mbps Modulation: QPSK Antenna(Remote) : 4.5 Mtr for 2Mbps 7.0 Mtr for 8 Mbps Antenna (HUB) : 11/7 Mtr

HVNET,RABMN

HVNET: High speed VSAT Data Rate Upto 128 Kbps.. NOC at Mumbai Thaicom-3 sat. VSAT antenna dia: 2.4 Mtr

RABMN

Remote Area Business Msg N/W Packet switch data nw using spread spectrum tech. For Remote Area INSAT-2B Does not support Voice facility HUB at Sikandarbad.. Antenna dia: 1.2 to 1.8 Mtr