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Outline
Description Population distribution poverty Food Insecurity Livelihood zones Agroclimatic factors
FEWS NETs food security Monitoring tools Snow pack Supply-demand ground water NDVI Rainfall Water equivalent wrsi Monitoring 2003-2004 Agriculture Hazard Index by District
Poverty Distribution
cost of a typical rural Afghan household Af8,450 per person per year, equivalent to Af23 or US$0.43 per person/day for subsistence food consumption. 52.8% of the rural population in Afghanistan is poor lack of access to food is due to low incomes, as opposed to lack of food supply. (NRVA) Income: Employment, livestock, remittances and petty trade accounts for a significant portion of rural household income
The distribution of poverty, as measured by food consumption is 2,100 kilocalories per day per person
Rainfall/snow
Starts on Sep on the north-east and going to the south and west by Nov, the peak months for rainfall are Feb, March, April which build up the snow.
Agriculture
Agriculture is the main economic activity 12% of land is cultivated 46% is pasture Wheat is the main crop, other cereal maiz, barely and rice Specialty crops, such as fruit and nuts are consumed locally and are the main agricultural food export Opium poppy is the main cash generator 90% of wheat is planted in the fall, 80% is irrigated
Water
Most of Afghanistans agricultural land is irrigated and depend not on the immediate rainfall but on water released in the spring from snow that builds up during the winter. So it is possible to get a good idea on water availability for the fall harvest, many months ahead of time, by analyzing the snow build up.
Drought 1998-2001(02)
A dried up kariz (subtarranean canal)
Recent drought (1999-2001) Studies conducted by FAO, DCAAR and SCA 60-70% of the under water channels and 85% of the shallow wells dried out during the drought.
WRSI
irrigated
rain fed
Rangelands
Monitoring 2003-04
A story of monitoring
Fall-03
Winter-04
Fall-04
Winter-05
Fall-05
Winter-06
farmers reportedly satisfied with the level of rainfall and expecting a good season if climate conditions remain similarly favorable in coming months.
Unseasonably high temperatures have caused the melting of the snow cover in much of the country. Rapid melting of snow shortens the period of percolation for ground water recharge
By Late Feb accumulated precipitation levels were similar to 2003, though well below the long-term average
A story of monitoring
Fall-03
Winter-04
Fall-04
Winter-05
Fall-05
Winter-06
By the end of March The Water supply and demand model was showing the impact of the early snow melting
A story of monitoring
Agricultural crop failure in most of the provinces. As shown by the NDVI comparison with to 2003
Fall-03
Winter-04
Fall-04
Winter-05
Fall-05
Winter-06
By June, Most of the shallow wells providing water for human and livestock consumption had dried out and some rivers had no water.
Most of the karizes that were fully or partially functioning needed to be cleaned or rehabilitated. Two dams in Ghazni Province (Sardeh and Zana Khan Dams) were under rehabilitation and Sultan Dam needed to be rehabilitated.
A story of monitoring
High temperature as well as very low precipitation had caused a severe shortage of drinking and irrigation water in many parts of the country.
Fall-03
Winter-04
Fall-04
Winter-05
Fall-05
Winter-06
Field assessments indicated further declines in water sources compared to 2003 and recent drought years.
A story of monitoring
Fall-05
Winter-06
% of Snow
By Dec 2004 large amounts of snow had fallen in most of the country.
1 12
25
49
73
27
29
32
34
97
Julian dates
14
irrigated
rain fed
Rangelands
The Supply and demand ration gives a percent measurement of the correspondence between water supply and demand.
The supply and demand (SD) Hazard Index (SDHI) is calculated as I=1-0.02(SD-50) for SD<100, (SD is the anomaly). This index measures the risk for those areas that present deficit of water.
The SDHI is then multiplied by the %irrigated crop by district to obtain the Irrigated crop Hazard Index.
The NDVI Hazard Index (NDVIHI) is calculated as I=10.02(NDVI-50) for NDVI<100, (NDVI is the anomaly).
Name: Shahrak
Name: Khosh Wa Firing LVZ: Salangi Plains Mixed Farming Pop: 95076
Pop:70273
References
FEWS NET monthly reports 2003-2006 Documentation for FEWS tools National Risk and Vulnerability Assessment (NRVA) in Rural Afghanistan