Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
1/21/2013
High-strength steel cords are applied under the tread of passenger car tires (and in the carcass of truck tires) while other steel wires are located near the bead to assure adherence to the rim
Other chemicals have various functions, like oils, zinc oxide or anti-degradants to protect the compound
Passenger car tires feature rayon or polyester cords radially disposed along the carcass (radial tires), while nylon cord are placed under the tread or near the bead area Natural rubber has unique elastic properties and is an essential element of a tire. Truck tires have an even higher natural rubber content 2 then passenger car tires
PBR
SBR Others
5%
5% 6%
1/21/2013
63% of total Natural Rubber consumption is by the Tire Sector, balance by rubber based nonTire industries. Total weight of raw-materials consumed by Tire industry 17.50 Lakh M.T. Total Cost of Raw Materials consumed by Tire industry Rs.21,000 Crores
Vulcanization
Process
1. Rubber is mixed with sulfur and accelerators. 2. 10 minutes at 170 C Molded or extruded into shape. 3. Heated after rubber has taken final form To improve resilience and elasticity, durability and utility
1/21/2013 4
MANUFACTURING
Schematic of Tire Production Process
1/21/2013
Industry Concentration
Radialisation Level - Current (as a % of total Tire production)
10 Large Tire companies account for over 95% of total Tire production.
Passenger Car Tires: 98% Light Commercial Vehicles: 18% Heavy Vehicles ( Truck & Bus ): 15%
1/21/2013
Tires for:
Truck & Bus
2010-11
76.08
2011-12
77.99
124.46
7.63 28.40 13.88 9.18 4.64 1.30 91.61 209.91 3.00 0.91
134.19
7.47 34.00 14.19 9.73 4.60 1.31 109.80 229.31 3.36 0.98
7
Truck/Bus
Passenger Car / Jeep LCV Tractor Front Tractor Rear Scooter / Moped Motor Cycle
7799228
14165944 3400113 1419373 972938 10979956 22931173
65
42 34 5 34 43 46
21
53 41 44 64 53 52
14
5 25 1 2 4 2
1/21/2013
Uses
Transportation Sector Pneumatic tires, tubes and automotive belts Industrial Sector Product of material handling like conveyor and transmission belt
Others like plates, packing & sealing device, gloves , mat.etc
1/21/2013
Diesel oil
Natural gas
1/21/2013
46.0
39.0 10.2
3,220
1,989 1,122
70
51 110
10
Wood
1/21/2013
11
Examples Of Reuse
Slope stabilisation
Construction bale
Erosion control
Examples Of Reuse
Compacted shred
Landfill cell
(geotextile) Drainage systems
Loose shred
Bound chips
Building insulation
1/21/2013 13
Examples Of Reuse
Running tracks
Sports arenas
1/21/2013
15
Environmental Impact
1/21/2013
16
Environmental Impact
1/21/2013
17
1/21/2013
18
References
http://www.bir.org/assets/Documents/industry/ManagingEndO fLifeTyres.pdf http://www.atmaindia.org http://www.terdex.com/doc/Oekobilanz_en.pdf http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ http://www.newrubbertech.com/home.php
1/21/2013
19
Questions ???
1/21/2013
20