Circuit Switched - Voice evolution

Short introduction

Claudiu Mihalca Siemens PSE RO

Cluj-Napoca

22.05.2012

1. Introduction
1.1 Mobile CS Core Hardware Platforms 1.2 Cisco Platforms 1.3 Interfaces 1.4 Site Connectivity 1.5 Software Release 1.6 MMI System

2. Evolution from R99 to R4

2.1 3GPP 2.2 Key differences between R99 and R4 2.3 Call Setup 2.4 The traditional telephony/ VOIP Network 2.5 Benefits

3. Conclusion

A brief Arhitecture

1. Introduction
1.1 Mobile CS Core Hardware Platforms
MSC/MSS DX200 Platform
MC1C cartridge equipped with BCSU

1/1

1/2

1/4

1/6

MBIF-T

MBIF-T

CP386

AS7-U

AS7-U

AS7-U

Cartridge example

EURO-CONNECTOR

Racks with cartridges MSC Mobile Switching Center MSS Mobile Switching Server DX200 Plug-in units

PSC3

DX200 Platform Overview

Computing Platform for Telecom applications De-centralized architecture Commercial Processors (Intel), CPU is based on Pentium M Dothan 1.4GHz DX200 Platform is broadly used within Mobile Switching portfolio i.e. MSS, MSCi and HLRi

Common Software Release for all Switching Applications (M- release) Same User Interface Common spare stock less training when new element/application is introduced Nokia initial BSC and 2G SGSN is based on DX200 as well

Hardware architecture for standalone MSS (DX200)

Multimedia Gateway
Fuse / Power Distribution Panel

PCB size 265 mm (10.4 in.) 285 mm (11.2 in.) Subrack height 300 mm (11.8 in.)

Multimedia Gateway is used for transmitting media between TDM, IP or ATM based interfaces. Fuse / Power Distribution Panel Multimedia Gateway provides: A or Ater interface towards GSM BSS Iu-interface towards 3G RAN IP interface towards SIP access Fan Tray Circuit-switched TDM interface towards PSTN ATM, IP and TDM interfaces between MGWs c
Subrack width 500 mm (19.7 in.) Subrack depth 300 mm (11.8 in.)

Height 1800 mm (5.9 ft)

Fan Tray

Fan Tray

Depth 600 mm (23.6 in.)

Fan Tray

Fan Tray

Width 600 mm (23.6 in.)

1.2 Cisco Platforms

7609/6509 Capacity
Capacity 7609/6509 Switching capacity up to 720 Gbps, max 40 Gbps per slot (depending on line cards) Multilayer switching up to 400 Mpps IPv4 (30Mpps) and 200 Mpps IPv6 (20Mpps) Supports up to 338 Gigabit Ethernet ports Supports: Supervisor engines Fast Ethernet modules Gigabit Ethernet modules 10 Gigabit Ethernet modules SPA interface processor modules Packet Over SONET/SDH (POS) modules ATM modules

Nokia 1260 FW/VPN Gateway

High performance - high availability FW 4,1 Gbps (1 518 bytes), FW 1,2 Gbps (mixed traffic) VPN 948 Mbps 3DES (1 450 bytes), VPN 358 Mbps 3DES (mixed traffic) Up to 1 GB of RAM Redundant power and hot swap interfaces 3 rack units 4 integrated Ethernet ports 2 6U CPCI slots for 4 PMC NICs 2 PCMCIA ports for modems/FlashCard Nokia Encryption Accelerator IV

Cisco Catalyst 3750

32-Gbps, high-speed stacking bus Innovative stacking technology 1.5 RU stackable, multilayer switch Enterprise-class intelligent services delivered to the network edge Standard Multilayer Software Image (SMI) installed Basic RIP and static routing, upgradeable to full dynamic IP routing High performance, 200 Gbps throughput 10 Gbps per slot Guaranteed priority packet delivery through distributed architecture Carrier class redundancy and NEBS compliant New 10 Gbps OC-192c/STM-64c and Fourport OC-48c/STM-16c interfaces Supports Multiprotocol

1.3 Interfaces
3GPP Release 4 technical specifications define the functional entities and the interfaces needed to support the mobile service. The main new interfaces are the following: - Mc interface (MSC Server MGW) - Nc interface (MSC Server MSC Server) - Nb interface (MGW MGW) Main protocols introduced by 3GPP Rel4 are: - H.248/Megaco - Sigtran - Bearer Independent Call Control (BICC) Sigtran IP Mc RANAP AAL5/ATM H.248 IP Mc H.248 IP Sigtran IP SS7 TDM MGW MAP MSC Server CAP

HLR

Services

BICC ATM/IP Nc

MSC Server

AAL2/AAL5 ATM Nb MGW A TDM RTP IP

Iu-CS
BSSAP

PSTN

RNC

AAL2 ATM

BSC

H.248/Megaco is a control protocol that is used by the MSC server to control the MGW over the Mc interface. Sigtran is used to transport C7 signalling over the IP network. Sigtran is also used between the MGW and MSC Server to transport PSTN and GSM / UMTS Radio Network signalling to the MSC Server over the Mc interface. Thus MGW acts as an integrated Signalling Gateway. In the CS domain, Sigtran can also be used between the MSC Server and HLR and IN/SCP BICC is used for call control between two MSC servers in the Nc interface, allowing a backbone independent Control Plane and User Plane. Nokia MSC Server supports Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), connecting the MSS to Nokia IP Multimedia Core elements.

1.4 Site Conectivity

In the CS core network elements, Ethernet connections are used for IP connectivity Ethernet connections are used for transferring, for example: Signalling information, either on top of UDP, TCP, or SIGTRAN H.248 on top of SCTP O&M information SMS service User plane

The connections are based on layer 2 switching

and IP routing.

To ensure reliability all links and site elements

are normally duplicated.

Site connectivity overview

Nokia and Cisco have jointly developed IP connectivity and backbone solutions for mobile networks since year 2000

Nokia MSS & MGW

Cisco Catalyst 3750 Cisco 7609 Router

Redundancy of LAN and user applications of IP

The LAN redundancy is applied on three levels: CPUs switching units (SWU) integrated in the network elements multilayer site switches.

SWU and multilayer site switch redundancy principle

MSTP
When planning site connectivity, the goal is to ensure that: There is no single point of failure on the site Recovery from failure cases is as fast as possible Target is to reach recovery time < 800ms RSTP or MSTP is activated on the LAN switch basis Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) provides fast convergence (100200ms) in case of site L2/L3 switch or link failure

STP

RSTP

MSTP

1.5 Software Release

DISK DIRECTORY STRUCTURE IN DX 200
ROOT

SW PACKAGE
A software package is a combination of programs and data files that provide a defined hardware with defined software Versions. Software packages are physically stored on Winchester disks. On these disks, a tree of directories is implemented like a PC.

SCMANA

SW Build

SW Build

...

SW Build

BLCODE

MMDIRE

LFILES

CONVPR

ASWDIR

SW PACKAGE INFORMATION
SW-PACKAGE TESTPACK FB STATUS DIRECTORY PACKAGE-ID DELIVERY TESTI MX 6.5-2 MX 6.10-0 CID30483 1.3-0 COURSE12 MX 6.10-0 COURSE13 MX 6.10-0 AM1 6 10 0 MX 6.10-0 MX 6.5-2 CID30483 1.3-0 MX 6.5-2 CID30483 1.3-0 MX 6.5-2 CID30483 1.3-0 ENVIRONMENT Y DEF ACT

COURSE12

BU

COURSE13

NW

IRMA

UT

AUTOMATIC RETURN FROM BU TO FB NOT PERMITTED

1.6 MMI System

MML
Man Machine Language, a command language used by the operator to manage the operation of the exchange. The IPA2800 and the DX200 systems use both the same MML command language, using the same syntax, and most of the commands are similar.
Local Session
Local network element

OMU
Remote Session Remote Session
Remote network element

In a local session, the user MMI terminal is connected directly to the OMU of the network element in task. In a DX200 remote session, the user terminal is connected to another network element and uses an existing X.25 or LAN connection to access the required elements OMU, where the session then is run. The logical meaning of a local and remote session is shown below.

OMU

OMU

MML menu hierarchy and command structure

LOGIN Main Level A Command Class Level A A H ZUS AH O P US I C U UD S Z; ZU S U U D

Command Group AA Level Commands P E

IPA2800 Main level menu displaying all command classes

MML command hierarchy and selection principle

2. Evolution from R99 to R4

2.1 3GPP
The Third Generation Partnership Project 3GPP uses a system of parallel "releases" to provide developers with a stable platform for implementation and to allow for the addition of new features required by the market.

2.2 Key differences between R99 and R4

MS i - M11 C A TDM based Backbone & PS TN A'

MS S M12

H.248/Megaco S igtran Packet based Backbone (IP/ATM) & TDM based PS TN Rel 4
control plane control plane user lane user lane

Iu-C S Rel99

A & Iu-C S

The key differences between MSC architecture (R99) and the MSC Server architecture (R4):
the split between control plane and user plane
TDM: Time Division Multiplexed / IP: internet Protocol / ATM: Asynchronous Transfer Mode

MSS cabinet configuration

Message Bus MBIF-C
CCC
PDFU PDFU PDFU 0

M14 upgrade (2008)

Message Bus EMB
14BC
PDFU PDFU AIR GUIDE Empty/MO Empty/MO

BASE
IPCF
PDFU

IPCG 0
PDFU PDFU PDFU PDFU

IPCG 1
PDFU PDFU PDFU PDFU

IPCG 2
PDFU PDFU PDFU PDFU

HD CHU

STU CMU 0 0

STU CMU 1 1

SIGUBSU 0 0
2

SIGUBSU 1 1

SIGUBSU 7 7

SIGU BSU 8 8

SIGUBSU 14 14

SIGUBSU 15 15

FTRB

FTRB

VLRU 0-0 VLRU 1-0

VLRU 0-1 VLRU 1-1

CLBU

LANU

LANU

CLBU

SU
FTRB

FTRB 0 CHU 0-0

FTRB 1
5

FTRB 0

FTRB 1

FTRB 0

FTRB 1

FTRB 0

FTRB 1

SD 0 SD 1 CHU 0 CHU 0

CHU 0-1
6

CHU 1-0

SD 0 CHU

SD 1 CHU

CHU 1-1

CHU 2-0

SD 0 CHU

SD 1 CHU

CHU 2-1

CHU 3-0

SD 0 CHU

SD 1 CHU

CHU 3-1

AIR AND CABLE GUIDE

SU SU SU SU SU

OMU 0

SD 0 OMU

SD 1 OMU

OMU 1

SIGUBSU SIGU BSU SIGU BSU 4 5 6 4 5 6

FTRB 2 FTRB 3

SIGU BSU SIGU BSU SIGU BSU 11 11 12 12 13 13

FTRB 2 FTRB 3

SIGU BSU SIGU BSU SIGU BSU 18 18 19 19 20 20

FTRB 2 FTRB 3

FTRB

FTRB 2 CMM 0

FTRB 3
9

VLRU 7-0 VLRU 5-1

VLRU 6-1 VLRU 7-1

VLRU 2-0 VLRU 3-0 VLRU 4-0 VLRU 2-1 VLRU 3-1

VLRU 5-0 VLRU 6-0

SU SU SU SU SU

10

VLRU capacity: Call handling capacity: Simultaneous calls: Floor area:

1 500 k subsc 1 200 k BHCA 41.500 2,34 m2

3 000 k subsc 2 500 k BHCA 80.000 2,88 m2 (2.34 m2, new M14)

SU SU SU SU SU

CMM BDCU BDCU 1 1 0

VLRU 8-0 VLRU 9-0

VLRU 4-1

VLRU 8-1 VLRU 9-1

SU SU SU SU SU

SU

SIGUBSU 2 2

SIGUBSU 3 3

SIGUBSU 9 9

SIGU BSU 10 10

SIGUBSU 16 16

SIGUBSU 17 17

HD CHU

VLRU VLRU CHU

VLRU VLRU CHU

2.3 Call Setup

The goal is still to establish, maintain and terminate voice calls.

2.4 The traditional telephony/ VOIP Network

The traditional telephony network strives to provide 99.999 percent uptime to the user. This corresponds to 5.25 minutes per year of downtime.

VOIP

Mobile Traditional Telephony

Voice packets are typically small (60 to 120 bytes), they cannot tolerate delay or drops. The result of delays and drops is often unacceptable voice quality. Because drops cannot be tolerated, User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is used to package voice packets. TCP retransmit capabilities have no value. For voice quality, the delay should be no more than 150 ms (one-way requirement) and less than 1 percent packet loss. Methods to improve reliability and availability: -Redundant hardware -Redundant links -UPS -Proactive network management

2.5 Benefits

The MSC Server can be used for multiple PLMNs even if the PLMNs are located in different countries.

PLMN: Public Land Mobile Network (mobile services provider)

Interworking with existing network

MSC Server System (MSS) uses the same field-proven interfaces and protocols as the MSC system

Benefits of MSS solution (tx savings)

MSS saves transmission costs by local switching when the call is managed by a single local multimedia gateway (MGW).

Support for All-IP Mobility Core IMS-CS interworking

CPS

SIP

MSS/ GCS

MGW can be used in IMS environment for interconnecting IMS and PSTN/PLMN networks

SIP IP
Gi

H.248

SIGTRAN

SS7
Gi

PSTN

RTP
Gi
SGSN GGSN

TDM
MGW
CPS = Connection Processing Server GCS = Gateway Control Server

PS CN domain

welcome to

IP Multimedia ERA