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WHAT IS MWFRS?
An assemblage of structural elements assigned to provide support and stability for the overall structure. The system generally receives wind load from more than one surface.
WHAT IS C & C?
Elements of the building envelope that do not qualify as part of the main wind force -resisting system.
METHODS OF CALCULATION
There are three methods for calculation the wind load on a structure.
a ) :Simplified Procedure b ) : Analytical Procedure c ) : Wind Tunnel Procedure
Wind Load
Method Presented
ASCE 7 02
Method 2 Analytical Procedure
2- The total area of openings in a wall that receives positive external pressure exceeds 4ft or 1% of the area of that wall,whichever is smaller. i-e Ao > 4ft or >0.01Ag Where Ao,Ag are as defined for open building Aoi = The sum of areas of openings in building envelop (walls & roof) not including Ao (m)
1-
The design wind force for open building and other structures shall be determined by the following formula. F = qzGCfAf (N) Where qz = Velocity pressure evaluated at height z
Where
q =qz for windward walls evaluated at height z above the ground;
qi =
qh for leeward ,side walls and roofs,evaluated at height h; qh for windward,leeward ,side walls and roofs of enclosed buildings and for negative internal pressure evaluation in partially enclosed building qz for positive internal pressure evaluation in partially enclosed buildings where height z is the highest opening in the building.
ASCE 7 Method 2
EXAMPLE
Example wind load analysis of a low rise structure:-
30'
h = 15'
40'
ASCE 7 Method 2
Example of ASCE Method 2
Basic wind speed: V 125 mph Exposure Category: C Building classification I: 1.15 (Importance Factor) Enclosure classification: Enclosed
ASCE 7 Method 2
Velocity Pressure
q = 0.00256Kz Kzt KdV I
ASCE 7 Method 2
Velocity Pressure
q = 33.1 psf qz, qh, and qi = q, for h = 15 feet
ASCE 7 Method 2
Wind pressures MWFRS
Buildings of all heights p = qGCp qi(GCpi)
ASCE 7 Method 2
External pressure coefficients MWFRS
Windward Wall Cp = Side Wall Cp 0.8
= 0.7
ASCE 7 Method 2
External pressure coefficients MWFRS
Leeward wall L/B = 0.75 Wind parallel to 30' Cp = 0.5 L/B = 1.33 Wind parallel to 40' Cp = 0.43 (interpolated)
ASCE 7 Method 2
Vertical pressure coefficients MWFRS
h/L = 0.5 h/L = 0.38 Cp 0 to h : 0.9h to 2h : 0.5 >2h : 0.3
ASCE 7 Method 2
Windward wall Side wall Leeward wall p = 22.5 5.06 psf p = 19.7 5.06 psf p = 14.1 5.06 psf
Leeward wall
ASCE 7 Method 2
Roof p = 25.4 5.06 psf ft Roof p = 25.4 5.06 psf ft 0 to h/2
h/2 to h
h to 2h ft
> 2h ft
ASCE 7 Method 2
p = 25.4 p = 14.1
p = 8.5
p = 22.5
internal p = 5.06
p = 12.2
MWFRS
ASCE 7 Method 2
p = 25.4 p = 14.1
p = 22.5
internal p = 5.06
p = 14.1
MWFRS