Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Pre-colonial India
Key institutions in place Larger population, more wealth & power than Persian Safadivs or Ottoman Turks Long-term development in trade, finance, culture & society ready in place for the British
Pre-colonial India VV
Expansion of agricultural frontier, extensive commercial networks, gradual technological change & development of political & religious institutions
Pre-colonial India
Muslims & Hindus interacted and were influenced by each other in culture & politics= a vibrant society
Delhi Sultanate
Core milit. & Ec. institutions not religious(ie, non-Islamic) Collaborated with Ulamas & Sufi shaikhs: focus of community life Non- Muslim rulers patronised the Brahmans- learned caste, Sanskrit texts Persian was the language of Muslim rulers & used for bringing new learning from other parts: Government Law Political theory Religion Literature (poetry) Technology- warfare, cropping patterns, irrigation techniques
Delhi Sultanate: Ethnic & Linguistic diversity- Afghanis, Persians & others
Ibn Battuta (1603-1639) Moroccan Traveller , Chief judge of Delhi in the 14th C
I approached the sultan, who took my hand and shook it, and continuing to hold it addressed me most affably, saying in Persian, This is a blessing, your arrival is blessed, be at ease; I shall be compassionate to you and give you such favours that your fellowcountrymen will hear of it and come to join you. Then he asked me where I came from and I said to him, From the land of the Maghrib. Every time he said any encouraging word to me I kissed his hand , until I had kissed it seven times, and after he had given me a robe of honour, I withdrew.
Pre-colonial India
People of these dynasties were mainly non-Muslims left to their own laws & customs Paid tax No conscription Sultanates & Moghuls not interested in conversion of the people but in expansion of power Intermarriage Recap: Muslim and non-Muslims lived together and absorbed aspects of each others cultures 15th - 16th C Regional Kingdoms: Jaipur, Gujarat, Delhi, Malwa
Mongol Descendents
Humayun
BABUR
Shah Jehan succeeded his father in 1627. Better ruler than Jehangir. Restored the efficiency of government. Recovered territories. Maintained peace Foreign traders were allowed into India & trade grew The empire expanded. Shah Jehan was a patron of the arts Built many great architecture buildings including the Taj Mahal & the Peacock Throne [a gold throne encased many precious gems]
Ascended the throne after disposing his father & beating out his two brothers. Despot severely persecuted Hindus of Northern India. Empire declined under his reign He removed the tax-free status for Hindus Destroyed their temples Crushed semi-autonomous Hindu states
Mughal Art
The Mughal Empire and the Great Mughals will always be remembered as a great influence on the artistic and cultural life of India. Their architectural style is still evident in many buildings. The notable flowering of art & architecture under the Mughal Empire is due to several factors. Provision of a secure framework within which artistic genius could flourish. Both Hindu and Muslim artists collaborated The empire commanded wealth & resources that were unmatched in Indian history. The Mughal emperors were themselves patrons of art whose intellectual ideas & cultural outlook were expressed in the architecture.
Works Cited
*http://asnic.utexas.edu/asnic/cas/faculty/Pages/mughal1.html. http://k12bilkent.edu.tr/edweb.gsn.org/india.htm. *http://www.islamicart.com/pages/empires/india/preface.htm. *http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/southasia/Culture/Archit/Mugarch.htm. The Mughal Empire, 1526-1707. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of India. Ed. Fancis Robinson. New York: Cambridge UP, 1989. Moreland, W.H. and Atul Chandra Chatterjee. A Short History of India. 4th ed. New York: David McKay Co., 1957 Wallbank, T. Walter. India: a survey of the heritage and growth of Indian nationalism. New York: Henry Holt and Co., 1948. Welch, Stuart C. The Art of Mughal India. Japan: Book Craft Inc., 1963. Wolpert, Stanley. India. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, Inc., 1965. Wolpert, Stanley. India. Berkley: University of California Press, 1991. Woodruff, Philip. The Men Who Ruled India. New York: Schocken Books, 1953.
*denotes sources from which pictures were obtained with descriptions