ENERGY EFFICIENT LIGHTING

SYSTEMS

Submitted by:
Abhijit Pandey Int. PSE+PM R800209002

INTRODUCTION

India is facing significant growth in electricity demand and could benefit greatly by using energy efficient lighting systems. The need of the hour for the country is secured, affordable and environmentally sustainable energy to meet the ambitious National Programme of Power to all by 2012. Lighting is the most visible form of electricity consumption and lighting load in our country is very high about 17-18% of total load. By increasing the efficiency of lighting system, there can be significant energy saving and reduction in peak load. There is a scope for reducing about 30 to 35 % of the morning and evening peak demand.

The 21st century has pushed human beings into human crisis. Exhaust of petroleum resources Mining of natural resources has become threat to Environment Hydraulic stations creating ecological imbalance.

The whole world is in crisis and moving towards

Saving of energy
Lowering of CO2 content Protection of environment Save EARTH mission

WHAT IS THE.SOLUTION?
Fewer automobiles Pollution control Renewable energy . And

Energy Efficient lighting systems

ELECTRIC LIGHTING IS A MAJOR ENERGY CONSUMER. ENORMOUS ENERGY SAVINGS ARE

POSSIBLE USING ENERGY EFFICIENT EQUIPMENT, . EFFECTIVE CONTROLS, AND CAREFUL DESIGN.

USING LESS ELECTRIC LIGHTING REDUCES HEAT GAIN, THUS SAVING AIR-CONDITIONING ENERGY
AND IMPROVING

THERMAL COMFORT

SCHEME FOR PROMOTING ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN INDIA:

BACHAT LAMP YOJANA

The 'Bachat Lamp Yojana' aims at the large scale replacement of incandescent bulbs in households by CFLs. It seeks to provide CFLs to households at the price similar to that of incandescent bulbs and plans to utilize the Clean Development Mechanism (CMD) The Bachat Lamp Yojana is designed as a public-private partnership between the Government of India, private sector CFL suppliers and State level Electricity Distribution Companies (DISCOMs). The CFL suppliers would sell high quality CFLs to households at a price of Rs. 15 per CFL within a designated project area in a DISCOM region of operation. The CFL supplier will be chosen by the DISCOM through a due diligence process from a list of CFL suppliers empanelled by BEE. Under the scheme, 40 watt, 60 Watt and 100 Watt incandescent lamps will be replaced with 9-11 Watt, 13-15 Watt and 20-23 Watt CFLs respectively.

BEST PRACTICES IN LIGHTING SYSTEM

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

Installation of energy efficient fluorescent lamps (T-5) in place of conventional fluorescent lamps(T-12). Installation of Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs) in place of incandescent lamps. Installation of LED panel indicator lamps in place of filament lamps. Use of high efficacy light sources for reducing the energy consumption for lighting . Solar Lighting Systems are providing to be a viable option in rural India because it involves no moving parts, low maintenance, and are simple to operate.

MERITS OF LED LAMPS & DEMERITS OF

FILAMENT LAMPS
Demerits of Conventionally filament lamps are as follows: High energy consumption (15 watt/lamp). Failure of lamps is high (operating life less than 1,000 hours). Very sensitive to the voltage fluctuations Merits of the LED lamps over Conventionally filament lamps are as follows: Lesser power consumption (0.5-0.8 watt/lamp).
Longer operating life (more than 1,00,000 hours). Withstand high voltage fluctuation in the power supply

CHARACTERISTICS OF LIGHT SOURCE

Efficacy Color rendering Color temperature Size Life Cost

FACTORS AFFECTING THE LIGHTING SYSTEM

DESIGN

Use of high efficacy light source

Use of more efficient luminaries Utilization of daylight Higher reflectance surfaces of the room Task oriented lighting

SOLAR LIGHTING SYSTEMS

The Solar Lighting Systems are available in the basic categories which are as follows: (A) Solar lanterns (B) Solar street lighting systems (C) Solar home lighting systems The solar lanterns are portable units which can be easily moved to any place where lighting is necessary. The lanterns are available with a 10 or 12 W photovoltaic module and a 7 W CFL. It can be used for 3 to 4 hours per day after charging it for a day under normal insolation of 2-3 kWh/day. The solar street lighting systems are available with a 70 Ah Battery. It has an automatic dusk to dawn Controller, with at least 3 days of back up power in case of low insolation regime. The solar home lighting systems are available with basic configuration of either 2 9 W CFLs or 2 11 W CFLs, with a 40 Ah Battery capable of operating for three to four hours per day. A small DC Fan of 20 W capacity can also be opted for.

ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES IN LIGHTING SYSTEMS

Use of LED lamps for indicating lamps will reduce the energy consumption. Use of compact fluorescent lamps in place of incandescent lamps, reduce the lighting energy by 70%. Use of HPSV lamps in place of MPSV lamps reduce the energy consumption by 60%

As the lighting level is inversely proportional to square of the distance, optimizing the height of lamp will aid in reduction of lighting energy.

CONTD..

Installation of intelligent lighting controller will help in controlling the lighting energy. Use of photo sensor switch for street light controlling helps in conserving the lighting energy. Installation of auto cut-off switch to put off lights during lunch hours at the office buildings will reduce the lighting energy. At street lights, in many places, the reflectors inside the HPSV fitting are damaged, it is suggested to replace the fittings with anodised aluminium reflectors. This will improve the lighting level by 20-25%.

WHY SHOULD PEOPLE USE CFLS?

Switching from traditional light bulbs (called incandescent ) to CFLs will help to use less electricity at home and prevent greenhouse gas emissions that lead to global climate change. Lighting accounts for close to 20 % of the average homes electric bill. CFLs, last upto 10 times longer, cost little up front Provide a quick return on investment. Low cost of maintenance It can operate within 130-280 V range.

WHAT IS LED?
LED is a light emitting semiconductor diode that emits light in forward direction or in the direction it is pointed towards. LEDs are most often used in the form of an indicator light in electronic devices, traffic signal lights, musical instruments and dashboards in cars and in houses, etc. The color of the light produced by LED depends on the composition of the semiconductor material used out of which producing a blue color light is the most difficult process. The nature of the light emitted can be visible, infrared or ultraviolet.

LIFESPAN OF LED LIGHT BULB

Most modern LEDs undergo superior design and manufacturing process that gives them a lifespan of up-to 1,00,000 hours, compared with 10,000 for a compact fluorescent and 1,000 for an incandescent bulb. Lifespan of a LED bulb could come down due to the amount of heat a LED produces. This directly depends on die temperature and ambient temperature of the LED.

POWER CONSUMPTION OF LED LIGHT BULB

Most modern LED operate in a range of 2 to 4 volts and consume anywhere between 350mA and 1500mA. The power consumption varies from manufacturer to manufacturer and also because of the purpose for which the LED was designed. Another factor that affects power consumption of LEDs is for the fact that LEDs can not be dimmed. Now a days using latest of the LED manufacturing technology, manufacturers are able to produce LEDs that are not only super bright but also consume less power while producing light of higher intensity

ENERGY SNIPPETS

In Energy Snippets, the various upcoming Projects of Solar Power Plants in West Bengal Raj Bhawan, Solar Hub in Andhra Pradesh, replacement of incandescent bulbs with compact fluorescent lamps by the Dakshin Haryana Bijli Vitran Nigam (DHBVN), Haryana and also implemented scheme in Indian Railways under Energy Conservation and Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) through Renewable Energy Resources have been highlighted .

A. CFLs on the bright track in Indian Railways :It plans to replace the incandescent bulbs with Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs) in all its residential quarters, production units and workshop across the country and It will be registered under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). B. Mandatory for Haryana Industries :The Dakshin Haryana Bijli Vitran Nigam (DHBVN) has made it mandatory for all the industrial units (both high tension and low tension) and their residential colonies, hospitals, street lighting, to replace the conventional bulbs with the energy efficient CFLs and T-5 tube lights or induction bulbs.

CONTD..
C. Andhra Pradesh Blazes ahead on Solar Plans: The Andhra Pradesh plans to develop the state into a major solar hub in the country at a fast pace , with the government announcing the setting up of a Cluster of solar farms at Kadiri in Anantapur district, 5000 acres land have been embarked in Kadiri which would now be referred to as the Solar city. Four companies, namely Hyderabadbased Lanco Solar and Titan Energy, and US- based Sun borne and AES Solar, have together pledged investments to the tune of Rs. 3000 crore to set up 2000 MW of solar- based power generation facilities in the solar city. D. Solar Powered LED Lights in West Bengal Raj Bhawan: In West Bengal Raj Bhawan has planned to illuminate with 12 Solar Powered LED Lights. The Rs.1.0 crore project envisages building a 50kW grid interactive Solar Photovoltaic Power Station in Raj Bhawan along with a installing a 2000 lt. solar heating system and switching over to energy efficient LEDs. The Project is funded by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Govt. if India, New Delhi and is expected to be completed by March, 2011. [Source: Green Energy, WISE, Nov.-Dec.2009]

LED VS HPS STREET LIGHTS

LED Street Lamp Luminous Flux Application Recommended Pole height Central Illumination Illuminative Area Equivalent to HPS Lamp 40m 550~600W 35m 400~450W 150W 15000lm Main road 12~14m 120W 12000lm Sub- road 10~12m 90W 9000lm Sub- road 8~10m >22Lux 30m 250~300W 25m 150~200W 25m 100~150W 60W 6000lm Sub- road 7~8m 30W 3000lm Sub way/ garden road 5~7m

LED lamp Power Factor Color Temperature Color Rendering Index >0.95 4000~7000k >80

HPS lamp >0.6 1900~2500k 25

COMPARISON OF ENERGY AND COST SAVINGSLAMPS

LED STREET

Example as 100 units lamps (1KM road) Light source Power consumption Driver power/Electric Ballast cons. Cable Loss Maintenance Loss Power Factor

28W LED Street Lamp

75W HPS Lamp

24 W 6W 0W 0W 0.98 W 30.6 W

75 W 40 W 8W 2W 0.7 W 125.0 W

Total Input power

CONTD..
LED
Daily 12 hours power :- 12X100X30.6 = 36.73 KwH Consumed Anually (365) :- 36.73 X 365 = 11169 KwH 150 X 365 = 54750 KwH

HPS
12X100X125 = 150 KwH

HPS LED lamp = Actual savings :Power cost = Rs. 4.50 For 1 lamp ::-

54750 11169 = 43581 KwH

43581 X 4.50 = 196114.5 for 100 Lamps

196114.5 / 100 = 1961.145, for one year

Cost of one 28 W LED lamp = Rs. 7550 Therefore, Payback Period = 7550/1961.145 = 3.85 years

CHANGING SCENARIO OF POWER

WIDE COLOUR TEMPERATURES Comparison between LED and HPS street Light

LED

HPS

CRI COMPARISON

BETWEEN

LED AND HPS STREET LIGHT

HPS

LED

CONCLUSIONS

Use of energy efficient lamps like CFL, LED, T-5 fluorescent lamp, etc lead to enormous amount of energy savings which is estimated as 50 to 80%. Electronic gears of conservation of energy like electronic ballast saves energy within the range of 10 to 20%. Solar lighting systems such as Lanterns, Street Lights, Home Lights, etc. can be effectively used, especially in areas of where lighting is required for shorter duration. This will not only lead to energy conservation but also encourage use of non-conventional and environmental friendly energy system.