CREW RESOURSE MANAGEMENT

OVERVIEW Inadequate communication between crew members. Breakdown in teamwork in the aircraft. Improper planning of flight duties.

DEFINITION
CRM can be defined as a management system which makes optimum use of all available resources - equipment, procedures and people - to promote safety and enhance the efficiency of flight operations.

CRM DEFINED
CRM encompasses a wide range of knowledge, skills and attitudes including communications, situational awareness, problem solving, decision making, and teamwork; together with all the attendant sub-disciplines which each of these areas entails.

COGNITIVE SKILLS
The process of obtaining knowledge through thought, experience, and the senses. It means to think deeply on knowing or apprehending by the understanding of something.

COGNITIVE SKILLS R CLASSIFIED

SITUANIAL AWARENESS PLANNING & DECISSION MAKING SA relates to conscious recognition of all d factors The main of CRM is to ensure such as op ,tech & human dat the high quality of decision that effect the safe making are take across the operation of an a/c. whole flight operation. Human being take in info EG.- Before a flight takes off it is thru 5 senses: not only the Capt who look after the safety standards in the Touch cockpit bt the CC also who wil Hearing have to chek the safety equip in Smell their respective zone/area.s Sigh Taste

INTERPERSONAL SKILLS
COMMUNICATION Crew member should be able to Communicate clearly. Listen & respond actively Support each other Share their idea & suggestion Manage conflict easily TEAM WORK Teamwork is action performed by a team towards a common goal. A team is consist of more than one person with different responsibilities.

BEHAVIOURAL MARKERS
This training concentrates mostly on how to deal with an emergency, where a laid down procedure can be put into action. Few of them take their training where there is no procedure to call upon. Even fewer try to assess their personnels competence in managing a crisis. It also allow for a standard approach to the current problem of: Assessment Feedback Further training of individual crew members.

INFORMATION PROCESSING

MOTOR PROGRAMMES
If a task is performed often enough, it may eventually become automatic and the required skills and actions are stored in long term memory. These are known as motor programmes and are ingrained routines that have been established through practice.

STRESS MANAGEMENT

STRESS
The word `stress` is "a state of affair involving demand on physical or mental energy". A condition or circumstance which can disturb the normal physiological and psychological functioning of an individual.

WORKLOAD MANAGEMENT

WORKLOAD
Human being have a limited physical & mental capacity to deal with work. Workload Management is the process of evenly distributing activities by planning, prioritizing and assigning tasks to individual within your team. Workload Management is concerned with: The proper allocation or delegation of tasks and duties. Prioritization of tasks, especially during periods of high workload.

ERROR MANAGEMENT CRM uses what is known about human error and combines it with accident analyses and critical incident reports to develop methods to reduce the incidence and consequences of human error to a minimum.

MITIGATE ERROR

TRAP ERROR

AVOID ERROR

CRM advocates ERROR MANAGEMENT to :

AVOID ERRORS REDUCE THE OPPORTUNITY FOR ERROR. TRAP ERRORS DETECT ERRORS WHEN THEY OCCUR. MITIGATE ERRORS ELIMINATE OR LESSEN THE CONSEQUENCES OF ERROR.

AVOID ERRORS
Briefings Complete pre-flight and in-flight crew briefings. Checklists Proper completion of all checklists. Call-outs Critical avionic settings and flight data call-outs. Checking - Cross-checking with read back by another crew member. Procedures - Strict adherence to Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs). Phraseology - Use of standard phraseology in clear, unambiguous messages