Numerical Study of Axial Back Conduction in Microtubes

39
th
National Conference on
Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power
Surat, December 13-15, 2012
15 December 2012 Surat, India
1
NUMERICAL STUDY OF
AXIAL BACK CONDUCTION IN MICROTUBES
Manoj Kumar Moharana
Department of Mechanical Engineering
National Institute of Technology Rourkela
Rourkela 769008 (Odisha), India

Sameer Khandekar
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
Kanpur 208016 (UP), India

39
th
2
Introduction:
Conventional tube
Microtubes
r
i
t
i
r
1
t
>>
s
f
A
1
A
>>
Microchannel on solid
substrate
i i
r r
1 or 1
t t
~ <<
39
th
3
Axial conduction parameter:
( )
( )
s s
p
k A
m c L
=

A quantity that gives relative importance of conduction heat transfer
compared to the energy flow carried by the fluid
Conventional channel: Bahnke and Howard (1964)
Microscale counter-flow heat exchangers: Peterson (1998, 1999)
Literature Review:
Conduction parameter =
axial heat transfer within the solid
energy flow carried by the fluid in the channel
39
th
4
Axial conduction number (M)
*
:
cond
s s s
conv f p f f
q
k A T
M
q c u L A T
''
A
= =
''
A
s s s
f p f f
k A T
M
c u L A T
A
=
A
Li et al. (2009)
:
( )
( )
s o i
Solid
f o i
Fluid
T T T
T T T
A =
A =
Axial conduction is negligible if M < 0.01
Zhang et al. (2009)
: Study on conjugate heat transfer in thick micro tube

Criteria for judging the effect of axial wall conduction may vary on
case to case basis depending on boundary condition and
geometrical parameter
*
IJHMT 47(2004) 3993-4004,
IJHMT 50(2007) 3447-3460,
IJHMT 53(2010) 3977-3989

SOLID
FLUID
Maranzana et al. (2004)
39
th
5
From review of literature:
An explicit parameter for discerning the effect of axial conduction on
the heat transport coefficient in microchannel flows, under a given
set of geometry and boundary conditions, is still not available.
Most flows in microchannel heat transfer applications are
simultaneously developing in nature.
Circular microtubes are used in many applications
Motivation for the present work:
Moharana et al., Optimum Nusselt Number for Simultaneously
Developing Internal Flow Under Conjugate Conditions in a Square
Microchannel, Journal of Heat Transfer, 134(2012) 071703(01-10).
39
th
6
Optimum average Nusselt number:
sf s f
/ o = o o
1 - 16
Flow rate (Re): Thickness ratio:
sf s f
k k / k =
Conductivity ratio:
0.345 - 635 100 - 1000
*Journal of Heat Transfer, 134(2012) 071703(01-10)
39
th
7
PROBLEM STATEMENT
Microtube and its computational doomain
Assumptions:
Heat transfer and fluid flow takes
place at steady state
Flow is laminar, incompressible
Constant thermo-physical
properties
Negligible heat loss by

- Radiation
- Natural convection
39
th
u 0 V =
2
1
u u p u
V = V + V

2
p
k
u T T
C
V = V
Liquid domain:
2
T 0 V =
Solid domain:
f f s
T
0 at z 0, Land r ( )
z
c
= = o s s o + o
c
f s
q 0 or T cons tan t at r
''
= = = o + o
f f
T
k h(T T ) at r
r
c
= = o
c
u u at z 0 = =
f
u 0 at r = = o
p 0 at z L = =
T u
0, 0 at r 0
r r
c c
= = =
c c
Governing Equations: Boundary conditions:
39
th
9
PROBLEM STATEMENT
Microtube and its computational doomain
3-D numerical heat transfer
study on commercial CFD
platform (FLUENT):
Objective:
Study the effect of axial
heat conduction along the
solid substrate
Parameters of interest:
Peripherally averaged
local heat flux
Peripherally averaged
local wall temperature
Area averaged Bulk fluid
temperature
39
th
10
Grid Independence Test:
VARIATION OF LOCAL NUSSELT NUMBER ALONG
THE CHANNEL AXIS FOR DIFFERENT GRIDS
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
0
2
4
6
8
10
N
u
z
z/L
Nu
T
= 3.66
Grid size
08 X 0960
10 X 1200
12 X 1440
- Re 250
- Zero wall thickness
39
th
11
VARIABLE PARAMETERS:
s
sf
f
o
o =
o
1.0 16.0
Flow rate (Re):
Channel aspect ratio:
s
sf
f
k
k
k
=
Conductivity ratio:
0.33 - 702
100 - 1000
z
s z z
sf z z z
w f
f f
0
A h D q z
z* , A , Nu , h , Nu Nu dz
L A k
T T
'
= = = = =
}
Terminology:
s f z
o o
s f f
( ) q Q
q , q q ,
2 ( )L
q
''
+
'' '' ''
= = =
+ ''
o o
|
t o o o
39
th
12
f fi
f
fo fi
T T
T T
O =
w fi
w
fo fi
T T
T T
O =
DIMENSIONLESS LOCAL WALL AND

BULK FLUID TEMPERATURE
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
O
w
,

O
f
z/L
o
sf
16
01
(a) k
sf
= 702, Re = 100
Fluid
Wall
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
O
w
,

O
f
z/L
o
sf
16
01
(b) k
sf
= 0.33, Re = 100
Fluid
Wall

39
th
13
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
0.0
0.3
0.6
0.9
1.2
1.5
1.8
O
w
,

O
f
z/L
o
sf
16
01
(c) k
sf
= 702, Re = 1000
Fluid
Wall
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
0.0
0.3
0.6
0.9
1.2
1.5
1.8
2.1
O
w
,

O
f
z/L
o
sf
16
01
(d) k
sf
= 0.33, Re = 1000
Fluid
Wall
f fi
f
fo fi
T T
T T
O =
w fi
w
fo fi
T T
T T
O =
DIMENSIONLESS LOCAL WALL AND

BULK FLUID TEMPERATURE
39
th
LOCAL NUSSELT NUMBER
z
z
f
h D
Nu
k
=
( )
z
z
wz fz
q
h
T T
'
=
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

0
2
4
6
8
10
N
u
z
z/L
o
sf
16
01
(a) k
sf
= 702, Re = 100
Nu
q
= 4.36
Nu
T
= 3.66
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
0
2
4
6
8
10
N
u
z
z/L
o
sf
16
01
(b) k
sf
= 0.33, Re = 100
Nu
T
= 3.66
Nu
q
= 4.36
39
th
LOCAL NUSSELT NUMBER
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
0
2
4
6
8
10
N
u
z
z/L
o
sf
16
01
(c) k
sf
= 702, Re = 1000
Nu
q
= 4.36
Nu
T
= 3.66
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
0
2
4
6
8
10
N
u
z
z/L
o
sf
16
01
(d) k
sf
= 0.33, Re = 1000
Nu
q
= 4.36
Nu
T
= 3.66
z
z
f
h D
Nu
k
=
( )
z
z
wz fz
q
h
T T
'
=
39
th
16
AVERAGE NUSSELT NUMBER
-100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
3
4
5
6
7
N
u
k
sf
o
sf
16
01
Re = 1000
Re = 100
(a)
-100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
3
4
5
6
7
Re = 1000
N
u
k
sf
o
sf
01
16
Re = 100
Re = 1000
Re = 100
(b)
Constant wall temperature Constant wall heat flux
39
th
17
TEMPERATURE CONTOUR
(Constant wall temperature)
T
w
= 360 K
Re = 100
K
sf
= 12.8

39
th
Some Concluding Remarks:
1. K
s
/k
f
determines the extent of the axial conduction in the tube wall.
2. Relative tube thickness also play a role in axial back-conduction.
3. Increasing flow Re reduces the axial back-conduction.
4. A constant temperature boundary condition applied on the outer
surface of the tube can manifest itself as a constant heat flux
boundary condition on the actual fluid-solid interface
5. For constant heat flux boundary condition, the results explicitly
indicate the existence of an optimum value of the thermal
conductivity ratio for maximizing the Nusselt number, for a given
flow rate and wall thickness ratio.
6. Unless true distribution of temperature at the fluid-solid interface,
true bulk fluid temperature and the heat flux is known, the
estimates of Nusselt number can be misleading.
39
th
19
39
th
20
PROBLEM STATEMENT
MICROTUBE WITH CONDUCTIVE WALLS
Three dimensional
numerical heat transfer
study on commercial
CFD platform (FLUENT):
Pressure discretization
using STANDARD
scheme
SIMPLE algorithm for
velocity-pressure
coupling
SECOND ORDER
UPWIND scheme for
momentum and energy
equation
Slug velocity profile at
inlet with inlet
temperature of 300K

Numerical Study of Axial Back Conduction in Microtubes

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Numerical Study of Axial Back Conduction in Microtubes

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39

: Study on conjugate heat transfer in thick micro tube

IJHMT 50(2007) 3447-3460,

IJHMT 53(2010) 3977-3989

DIMENSIONLESS LOCAL WALL AND

DIMENSIONLESS LOCAL WALL AND

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

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