PHY PAPER II BOARD PATTERN

• Q.1.
• 1-6 Theory objective 7,8 Numerical
• Q.2.
• (A) ONE out of TWO NUMERICAL (2)
• (B) TWO out of THREE THEOR (3+3)
• Q.3
• (A) ONE out of TWO THEORY (2)
• (B) TWO out of THREE THEORY (3+3)
• Q.4.
• (A) TWO out of THREE THEORY (2)
• (B) ONE out of TWO THEORY (3+3)
• Q.5.
• TWO out of THREE NUMERICALS (4+4)
 Points you need to remember
• Definitions must be as per standard book,
always add an example even if not asked
• Diagrams must be labeled and arrow must
be shown for current and vectors. The key
must be introduced and polarities of A, V,
source, must be shown.
• While solving problems data must be
converted in SI system and unit of answer
must be written.
• Just note that your next step must be
based on previous step.
 Points to remember
• Show polarity of cells
• Arrow on wire indicating direction of
current
• Be care full about hot and cold junctions
and direction of the current.
• Remember to show variable resistance
(rheostat), key,Galvanometer,resistance
box, source of e.m.f. with polarity ( take
proper care when used in potentiometer)
• While doing problems of meter bridge or
Whetstone's network better have figure.
 Points to remember
• Add figure even if not asked when
question expects “explain”
• When ac is applied direction of
current is not to be showed
• Remember to indicate transformer,
primary, secondary, load resistance,
“e” input ac voltage, Vo output voltage,
symbol of heating coil, if full wave
rectifier then center tap, direction
of current in load resistance
connected to output.
Wave theory of
Light
Total marks 3/5
Possible questions are of 1,2, 3
or 4 marks
 Wave theory of Light
• 2 marks question
– State demerits of wave theory of light
– Define wave front and wave normal
– Draw neat labeled ray diagram of reflection of light
from plane mirror using wave theory
– Draw neat labeled ray diagram of refraction of light
from plane mirror using wave theory
– Define plane polarized light. State meaning of
polarizer and analyzer.
– Define polarizing angle. State relation between
polarizing angle and refractive index.
– Explain the role of Canada balsam in Nicole prism.
– State uses of polaroids.
 Wave theory of Light
• 3 marks question
– Give brief account of Huygen’s theory of light
– State Brewster’s law and show that at tan of
polarizing angle equals refractive index.
• 4 marks question
– State Huygen’s principle and explain construction of
spherical wave front
– State Huygen’s principle and explain construction of
plane wave front
– Prove the law of reflection on the basis of wave
theory of light
– Prove the law of refraction on the basis of wave
theory of light
– Explain construction and working of Nicole Prism
Formulae needed with standard
notations
V1 λ1 sin(i ) 1
1 µ2 = = = =
V2 λ 2 sin( r ) sin(iC )
1
1 µ2 =
2 µ1 tan( θ) = µ
Interference
and
Diffraction
Total marks 5/7
Possible questions are of 1,2,3 or 4
marks
 Interference and Diffraction
• 2 marks questions:
– State the conditions to get constructive
and destructive interference of light
– State conditions for obtaining a steady
interference pattern.
– Explain two classes of diffraction
– Explain why the sources must be narrow
and very close to each other
– Explain need of coherent sources for
interference
 Interference and Diffraction
• 2 marks questions:
– Draw neat diagrams of biprism experiment
– Draw neat diagrams of conjugate positions to
obtain distance between sources.
– Distinguish between double slit and biprism
experiment
– Distinguish between interference and
diffraction.
– State resolving power of microscope explain
terms used in expression
– State resolving power of telescope explain
terms used in expression
• 3 marks questions:
– What is interference of light and state four
conditions for steady interference pattern
– State the principle of superposition and four
conditions for steady interference pattern
– Using analytical method obtain expression for path
difference
– Assuming the expression of path difference obtain
the expression of band width.
– Explain the concept of interference and state
conditions for constructive and destructive
interference.
– State Rayleigh criteria for resolution.
– State expression for resolving power of microscope
and explain how to increase resolving power of
microscope.
– State the conditions for maxima and minima of
diffraction pattern.
• 4 marks questions:
– Describe Young’s experiment
– Derive expression for optical path difference
hence obtain the expression of band width
– Describe the biprism experiment to find
wavelength of light.
– Derive the formula for determination of
distance between virtual images, in Fresnel’s
method.
– Derive formula for nth dark and bright band
by diffraction.
– Explain diffraction by single slite and prove
that width of central maxima is double that of
others.
 Important formulae
path difference = δx = n2 λ − n1λ
δx = nλ then point is bright
δx = (2n - 1)λ/2 then point is dark
λD B λ D nλD
x = (2n − 1)
D
n xn = (2n) =
2d 2d d
λD λD
β= =
d d1d2
2d sin( θn ) = nλ for n thdark point.
(2n + 1)λ th
2dsin( θn ) = for n bright point.
2
Electrostatics
Total marks 5/6
Possible questions are of 1,2, 3 or 4
marks
 Electrostatics

• 2 marks questions:
– Define electric line of force & two properties
– Define line of induction and state two of its
properties.
– Define tube of force & tube of induction
– State expression for mechanical energy ans
explain terms used.
– Define capacity of capacitor & its SI unit
– Give four properties of electric lines
– State types of capacitors and draw their
schematic diagrams.
• Obtain Resultant capacitance of parallel
combination of capacitors
• Obtain Resultant capacitance of series
combination of capacitors
• State principle of Van De Graaff’s generator
• Using Gauss theorem obtain expression for
electric intensity just outside the charged
body / sphere / cylinder
• Using expression for mechanical force per
unit area obtain expression for energy
density
• Explain concept of condenser
• 3 marks questions
– Obtain expression for mechanical force
per unit area of closed charged
condenser and the total mechanical
force acting on conductor
– Show that mechanical force per unit
area of closed charged condenser is
directly proportional to σ2
– Show that mechanical force per unit
area of closed charged condenser is
directly proportional to E2
– Obtain expression for energy stored in
parallel plate condenser
• 3 marks questions
– Obtain expression for energy per unit volume
of (dielectric medium) closed charged
condenser placed in a medium.
– What is condenser and explain its different
types.
• 4 marks questions
– State and prove Gauss theorem
– Obtain expression of mechanical force per unit
area and energy per unit volume.
– Obtain expression for capacity of parallel plate
capacity and ways to increase the capacity
– Explain working and construction of Van-De-
graaff generator.
 Important expressions with
standard symbols
• Flux density
1 q1q2 φ = E cosθ ds
F=
4 π k εo r 2
1 Q
E= • TNEI = ∫ εE .cos θ ds
4 π k εo r 2
1 Q • TNEI = ∑ qi
V=
4 π k εo r σ
•E =
dV ε 2
E =− 1σ 1 2
dx •F = ds = εE ds
2 ε 2
Q
C=
V
 Important expressions with
standard symbols
Q 1 + Q 2 C 1V1 + C 2 V2
C=
kε o A V= =
d C1 + C2 C1 + C2
Q 1 New = C 1V
1 Q2 1 1
E= = CV = QV
2
Q 2 New = C 2 V
2 C 2 2
1 C 1C 2
loss in energy = (V1 V2 )2
C1 Q1V1 C2 Q2V2 2 C1 + C2

- ve if  & +ve if series

Charge will flow from
higher potential to lower
potential till potential
becomes V
Current electricity
Total marks 4/6
Possible questions are 1,2,3 or 4
marks
 Current electricity
• 2 mark questions
– State and explain ohm’s law
– Define specific resistance, its unit and expression
– State Kirchhoff’s laws
– Explain principle of potentiometer
– Precautions while performing experiment with
potentiometer
– Explain terms thermoelectricity and thermo emf.
– Define (1) Seebeck effect (2) Thomson effect
– Define Seebeck effect (2) Peltier effect
– Explain the terms temperature of inversion and neutral
temperature.
– Give uses of thermo couple
• 2 mark questions
– Distinguish between potentiometer and voltmeter
– Define Seabeck effect
– Define inversion and neutral temperatures
– Define Thomson’s coefficient
– Define Peltier’s coefficient.
• 3 marks questions
– Explain the errors and ways to minimize them in
Whetstone meter bridge
– Explain method to determine internal resistance of a
cell.
– Explain Kelvin's Method to determine resistance of a
galvanometer.
– What is potentiometer
• 4 marks questions
– Explain working and construction of Whetstone's
network
– Explain construction of Whetstone's meter bridge
and how it can be used to determine unknown
resistance
– Describe Kelvin's method to determine resistance of
galvanometer.
– State principle of potentiometer and explain the
method to compare emf’s of two cells when used
separately
– State principle of potentiometer and explain the
method to compare emf’s of two cells by sum and
difference method
– How to use potentiometer for determination of
internal resistance of a cell
– Compare Seebeck, Peltier and Thomson’s effect.
Formulae needed for current electricity
 E1 = 1 E 1 1 +  2 1
R=ρ = r = R( − 1)
A E2 2 E 2 1 − 2 2
R1 R3 1 cells assist. E 1
= where =
R2 R4 V 2
2 cells oppose
if balenced
R L1 π=T
dE
= T .S
= dT
X 100 - L 1
d2E dS
if balenced and L in cm σ = −T = −T
dT 2 dT
dV VT
V = I σ = =  T + TC
TN = i
dx L 2
Magnetic effect of
electric current
Total marks 4/6
Questions may be of 1,2,3 or 4
marks
 Magnetic effect of electric current

• 2 marks
– Explain the need of cylindrical concave pole
pieces of magnet for MCG
– State Ampere's law
– Define Solenoid and Torroide
– Explain why soft iron core is needed for MCG
– Define sensitivity of MCG and state factors
affecting sensitivity.
– Why ammeter must have low resistance
– Why voltmeter must have high resistance
– Define accuracy of MCG and how to increase accuracy
– Define sensitivity of MMG and state factors
affecting sensitivity.
– Define accuracy of MMG and state factors affecting
accuracy
– How maximum accuracy can be obtained in tangent
galvanometer in terms of deflection
– How to convert MCG into an ammeter
– How to convert MCG into voltmeter
– Distinguish between ammeter and voltmeter.
– Draw labeled diagram of suspended type of
galvanometer.
• 3 marks
– Describe the construction of a tangent
galvanometer
– Distinguish between MCG and MMG
– What is necessity of radial field in MCG
and explain how MCG can be converted
into an ammeter
– Derive an expression for deflecting
torque acting on current caring coil and
write the conditions for maximum and
minimum torque.
• 4 marks
– State the principle of MCG and describe its
construction with neat diagram
– State the principle of MCG and show that
deflection produced in it is directly
proportional to current passing through it
– Describe the construction and working of
tangent galvanometer and derive the
necessary formula
 Important formulae MEEC

τ = nABIcosθ
G→ A
k IG
I= θ S in parellel S = G
nAB I - IG
dθ nAB to increase scale by n times
= of MCG
dI k S=
G
dI dθ n −1
= of MCG
I θ B = µ 0nI
 Important formulae MEEC

B = B H tanθ
G→V
μ nI
R in serise R=
V
−G
B= = B H tanθ
IG 2R
to increase scale by n times 2RB H
R = (n − 1)G I=( )tanθ
μn
Reduction factor
 Important formulae MEEC
2
dθ μ n cos θ
= of MMG
dI 2 R BH

dI 2dθ
= of MMG
I 2 sinθ cosθ
dI dR
= of MMG
I R
Magnetism
Total marks 3/4
Possible questions are 1,2,3 or 4
marks
 Magnetism
• 2 marks questions
– Explain magnetic dipole, magnetic dipole
moment
– Define magnetic dipole moment and state
its unit
– State the expression for magnetic
induction at axial point along with
direction
– State the expression for magnetic
induction at equatorial point along with
direction
– State the expression for magnetic
induction at any point hence deduce
expression for induction at side on and
• 2 marks questions
– State the expression for magnetic potential at
any point.
– Distinguish between Diamagnetic and
Paramagnetic substances
– Distinguish between Diamagnetic and
Ferromagnetic substances
– State properties of diamagnetic substances
– State properties of paramagnetic substances
– State properties of ferromagnetic substances
– What is curie temperature? What is effect of
curie temperature on ferromagnetic substance?
– Explain behavior of diamagnetic substance on
the basis of induced current.
• 4 marks questions
– Derive the expression for magnetic
potential at any point due to short
magnetic dipole.
– Derive the expression for magnetic
induction at any point due to short
magnetic dipole.
– Explain ferromagnetism on the basis of
domain theory
 Important formulae
5
2 = L M = 2m
6
μ m1m2
F=
4π r 2
μ M −1  1 
B= 3cos 2
θ + 1 φ = tan  tanθ
4π r 3
 2 
μ 2Mr μ 2M
B axis = ≅
4π (r 2 − 2 ) 2 4π r 3
μ M μ M
B equator = ≅
4π (r 2 + 2 ) 3 / 2 4π r 3
μ Mcosθ
V=
4π r2
Electromagnetic
induction
Total marks 5/7
Questions may be of 2,3 or 4
marks
 Electromagnetic induction
• 2 marks
– State and explain Lenz’s law in EMI
– What are eddy currents? Give any two
applications
– Explain concept of self inductance
– State and define SI unit of self
inductance
– Explain the concept of mutual induction
– Define rms value of ac current.Give relation
between peak value and rms value of ac
current.
– State and explain Fleming’s right hand rule
– Discuss the flow of current when ac emf is
applied to resistance
– Derive expression for power decapitated in an
ac circuit containing resistance only
– Draw neat labeled diagram of
• Series and parallel resonant circuit
• 3 marks
– Explain the terms inductive reactance, capacitive
reactance and power factor
– Explain application of ac to pure inductance
– Explain application of ac to pure conductance
– Explain resonant frequency in LCR circuit and the
graph of current and frequency.
– Explain resonant frequency in LC parallel circuit and
the graph of current and frequency.
– Under what condition the current in LCR circuit will
be maximum, define resonant frequency
– Explain phenomenon of electromagnetic induction
using coil and magnet
• 4 marks
– Give theoretical proof of Lenz’s law of
electromagnetic induction
– Obtain expression for emf induced in a coil
rotating with uniform angular velocity in
uniform magnetic field
– Derive an expression for the instantaneous
current in parallel LC circuit hence obtain
expression for impedance
– Derive an expression for instantaneous
e.m.f. in series LCR circuit using ac source
obtain expression for its impedance
 Important formulae of EMI
dφ φ1 − φ 2 e = n A B ω sin(ω t) = E 0 sin (ω t)
e=− = = − Blv
dt t
dI
e = −L
dt
 Important formulae of EMI
In purely resistive circuit In purely inductive
e = E 0 sin (ω t) circuit π
e = E 0 sin (ω t + )
2
Z=R cosφ = 1 Z = XL cosφ = 0
E0 E0
i= sin (ω t) i= sin (ω t)
R ωL
P = e.icosφ = E 0 I 0 sin 2 (ω t) P = e.icosφ = 0
1 E0 I0
P = E0I0 ( ) = = erms .irms P=0
2 2 2
 Important formulae of EMI
In purely capacitive circuit In L-R circuit
π π
e = E 0 sin (ω t − ) e = E 0 sin (ω t + )
2 2 R
Z = XC cosφ = 0 Z = XL + R2 2
cosφ =
Z
E0 E0
i= sin (ω t) i= sin (ω t + φ )
ωL Z
P = e.icosφ = 0 P = e.icosφ = E 0 I 0 sin 2 (ω t).cosφ

P=0 E0 I0
P= cos φ = erms .irms cos φ
2 2
 Important formulae of EMI
In C-R circuit In L-C circuit
π
e = E 0 sin (ω t − φ ) e = E 0 sin (ω t ± )
2
R Z = XL − XC cosφ = 0
Z= X +R 2
L
2
cosφ =
Z
E0 E0
i= sin (ω t) i= sin (ω t)
Z Z
P = e.icosφ = E 0 I 0 sin 2 (ω t).cosφ P = e.icosφ = 0
E0 I0
PAv = cos φ = erms .irms cos φ
2 2
 Important formulae of EMI
At Series Resonance
In L-C-R circuit
Z is minimum X L − X C = 0
e = E 0 sin (ω t ± φ )
R XL = XC 1
Z = (X L − X C ) + R2 2
cosφ = ω=
Z LC
1
E0 fr =
i= sin (ω t) 2π LC
Z
At parallel Resonance
P = e.icosφ = E 0 I 0 sin (ω t).cosφ
2

1 1 1
E0 I0 =( − ) P=0
PAv = cos φ = erms .irms cos φ Z XL XC
2 2
XL = XC ⇒ Z → ∞
 Electron and
photon
Total marks 3/4
Questions may be of 1, 2, 3 or 4
marks
 Electron and photon
• 2 marks
– What is photoelectric effect? Define
photoelectric work function
– Define photoelectric work function,
threshold frequency
– State variation of photoelectric emission
as intensity and frequency of incident
light changes
– State Einstein’s photoelectric equation
and explain significance of each term
– State the characteristics of
photoelectric effect
– State principle of Milliken oil drop model
– What is photo electric cell and give two
of its applications
– Explain construction of photoelectric
cell and mention one of its application
– Draw a neat circuit diagram of
experimental set up to study
characteristics of photoelectric effect
– Using essential facts obtain v = E/B in
Thompson's experiment
– Discuss effect of electric field on
motion of cathode rays
– Discuss effect of magnetic field on
motion of cathode rays
• 4 marks
– Describe J.J.Thompson’s experiment to
determine the specific charge on
electron
– Explain Einstein’s theory to explain
photoelectric effect and discuss any two
characteristics of photoelectric effect
– Compare between classical and quantum
theory explaining the photoelectric
effect
– Explain Milliken's Oil drop experiment.
– Give any four applications of
photoelectric effect and explain any two
of them.
 Important formulae related to
Photoelectric effect
1 2
F = qE mv = hυ − hυ o
2
F = qvB
1 2 1 1 
1 2 mv = hc  − 
F = qE

mv = qV 2  λ λo 
2
mo
E m =
v= v2
1− 2
B c
V c
E= E = mc = hυ = h
2
d λ
Atom molecule and
nuclei
Total marks 4/6
Questions may be of 2,3,or 4
marks
 Atom molecule and nuclei
• 2marks
– State Bohr’s postulates for Hydrogen
atom about electrostatic
force,stationary orbit
– Constituents of nucleus and relation with
atomic number and atomic mass
– Draw labeled diagram of
• Energy level for hydrogen atom
• Davison Germer experiment
• Electron microscope
• 3 marks
– State Postulates of Bohr’s theory with mathematical
equations
– Explain construction and working of electron
microscope.
– Explain how to prepare LASER and give two
properties of LASERs
– Compare between LASER and MESER
– Compare between matter waves and electromagnetic
waves.
– Explain Davisson and Germer experiment.
– Obtain expression for total energy of an electron in a
stationary orbit of Bohr
– Assuming formula of energy obtain expression for
wavelength of spectral lines
– Draw energy diagram and explain Lyman and Balmer
series
– Obtain expression for linear velocity of an electron
of hydrogen atom
– Obtain expression for linear momentum of an
electron of hydrogen atom
– Obtain expression for angular speed of an electron of
hydrogen atom
– Obtain expression for frequency of an electron of
hydrogen atom
– Obtain expression for KE of an electron of hydrogen
atom
– Obtain expression for PE of an electron of hydrogen
atom
– Obtain expression for TE of an electron of hydrogen
atom (= -Rhc )
• 4 marks
– State first postulate of Bohr’s theory and
derive expression for radius of stable orbit
– Show that En∝1/n2
– Explain origin of spectral lines for hydrogen
atom
– Draw energy level diagram and explain
different series
– Explain working and construction of an
experiment which proves existance of
matter waves.
– Explain working and construction of
electron microscope.
 Important expressions in
Atom molecule and nuclei
ε h2 m e4 1 1 1 1
Rn = n 2
KE n = 2 2 2 =R( 2 - 2)
π m e2 8ε h n λ p n
π m e4 1 m e4 1 m e4
ωn = 2 3 3 PE n = − 2 2 2 R= 2
2ε h n 4ε h n 8ε c h 3
2
4ε h 33 m e4 1
Tn = n TE n = − 2 2 2
me 4 8ε h n

π m e6 1 hc m e4 1 1
an = 3 4 4 hυ = = En − E p = 2 2 ( 2 - 2 )
4ε h n λ 8ε h p n
Semiconductors
Total Marks 3/5
Possible questions 1,2,3 or 4
marks
 Semiconductors
• 2 marks questions
– Define :
• Conduction band and valence band
• Forbidden energy gap and classification of
elements in conductor, insulator and
semiconductor on basis of FEG.
• Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors
• P-type and n-type semiconductors
• Acceptor impurity and donor impurity
• p-n junction diode and barrier potentials of
Si and Ge diode.
• Reverse bias and forward bias of junction
diode
• Zener diode and it’s symbolic representation.
 Semiconductors
• 2 marks questions
– Define :
• Solar cell and LED
• Define NPN and PNP transistor
• Define α and β for transistors.
• Symbolically represent AND and NOT gate
• Symbolically represent NAND and NOR gate
– What are essential conditions for
oscillator circuit. (A.β =1)
– What do you mean by positive feedback
and negative feedback.
– Write down Barkhausen criteria for
oscillator circuit
 Semiconductors
• 3 marks questions
– What do you mean by insulator, semiconductor and
conductor. Explain on the basis of band theory by
indicating figure.
– Explain in details the use of diode as half wave
rectifier.
– Explain in details the use of diode as full wave
rectifier.
– Explain how Zener diode can be used as voltage
regulator.
– Explain working and construction of solar cell
– Define α and β of transistor and obtain relation
between them.
– Represent graphically output characteristics of
transistor in common emitter mode and define and
indicate knee voltage.
– Explain working of common emitter amplifier draw
input output curves.
 Semiconductors
• 3 marks questions
– Represent AND gate symbolically Draw diode
circuit for AND gate and provide its truth
table.
– Represent NOT gate symbolically Draw diode
circuit for NOT gate and provide its truth
table.
– Represent NAND gate symbolically Draw diode
circuit for NAND gate and provide its truth
table.
– Represent NOR gate symbolically Draw diode
circuit for NOR gate and provide its truth
table.
– Represent OR gate symbolically Draw diode
circuit for OR gate and provide its truth table.
 Semiconductors
• 4 marks questions
– Explain in details the circuit to study CE
characteristics and explain the input and
output characteristics using proper
graphs.
– How will you use diode as full wave
rectifier. Explain working of full wave
rectifier in detail.
Communication
Total Marks 2/4
Possible questions 1,2,3 or 4
marks
 Communication
• 2 mark questions
– Define ground wave propagation and
state factors affecting it.
– Define sky wave propagation and state
factors affecting it.
– Define space wave propagation and state
factors affecting it.
– State principle of satellite
communication
– Explain how global communication is
possible by geo stationary satellite.
 Communication
• 3 mark questions
– Write the different mode of
communication.
– Explain the terms passive and active
satellites give two applications of remote
sensing.
– What is optical communication and what
are advantages over conventional
communication system.
– Explain optical fiber and its working.
 Communication
• 4 mark questions
– Write a short note on sky wave
communication with appropriate diagram.
– Write a short note on optical fiber.
– Explain different layers in atmosphere
and there role in communication.