Lecture VII : Higgs Properties & Experimental Searches

The Origin of Mass in Particle Physics

60th Compton Lectures Ambreesh Gupta

The hero is the president of the Astrophysics Society, the only person ever to win three Nobel prizes. He stands at night on the beach, legs planted wide, shaking his fist at the jeweled blackness of the sky. Anointed by his humanity, aware of mankinds most powerful achievements, he shouts at the Universe above the grounds of crashing waves I have created you. You are the product of my mind my vision and my invention. It is I who provide you with reason, with purpose, with beauty. A fuzzy swirling light appears in the sky, and a beam of radiance illuminates our man-on-the-beach. To the solemn climactic chords of Bach B Minor Mass, or perhaps the piccolo solo of Stravinskys Rites, the light in the sky slowly configures itself into Her face, smiling, but with an expression of infinite sweet sadness. - The God Particle

Readout Channels

Inner Detector 140 Million Channels Calorimeter 230,000 Channels

Muon Detectors 1.2 Million Channels

Challenges of LHC Computing

SCALE: more than 3 petabytes of raw data per year; approximately 10 petabytes data total per year COMPLEXITY: an order of magnitude more readout channels than earlier experiments DISTRIBUTION: more than 2000 physicists around the globe; at least 2/3 of computing resources will be outside the host laboratory

200 events/second 1.6 MB event (raw)

10 PB/year w/reconstruction, Simulation & calibration

GRID: To Manage Resources and Data

Database server replicas deployment for ATLAS DC2 Grid flavors

Standard Model : Very Well Tested

Final Picture of Nature?

Indirect evidence of Higgs 115 < mH < 200 GeV Interaction with Higgs Field should give particles their masses. . . This is an all pervading field which has non zero value in vacuumoriginated at the Big Bang. . .

We know the particles, We know the forces

Standard Model of is a highly successful description

Is there anything to worry about?

Not from experimental point of view!

Conceptually there are problems foreseen. BUT, this is Very different situation from turn of last century, when experiments were seeing anomalies that needed explanation. When Coleridge tried to define beauty, he returned to one deep thought: beauty he said, is unity in variety. Science is nothing else than the search to discover unity in wild variety of nature, of more exactly, in the variety of our own experience. - The God Particle

Grand Unified Theories

The strength of forces depend on the energy Coupling Constants Strong Electromagnetic Weak Gravity

1 10-2 10-6 10-39

GUT unify Strong and Electroweak forces at 1016 GeV. (GUT Scale) Predicts Proton Should decay with a lifetime of 1031 years or more. (Lifetime of Universe 1011 years) Observe 10 ton of water (1033 protons) No evidence of proton decay ( lifetime > 1033 years)

Planck Scale
At the length at which classical ideas of gravity cease to work

Planck length lP = f(h,GN,c) = 10-35m; Planck Mass MP = 1019 GeV (10-5 gm!)

Hierarchy Problem
If these scale (GUT and Planck) - The Higgs will become massive with higher energies as it couples to more particles in vacuum. Possible, but fine tuning of Standard Model Parameters Hierarchy Problem: Why these very different scales?

SuperSymmetry
Unifies matter particles (lepton & quarks) with force carriers (photon, gluon,W/Z) SUSY solves hierarchy problem e.g., W makes Higgs mass grow while its superpartner makes it less cancellation!

SUSY makes all the couplings converge At one value - unification

A typical event.

One track reconstruted in Muon chambers Two tracks reconstructed in Inner Detector

Same event: longitudinal view

Observing SUSY on ATLAS

Peak position correlated to MSUSY
Events for 10 fb-1 signal background Events for 10 fb-1

min (m (~), m (~)) q g

signal background

Tevatron reach

ATLFAST

ET(j1) > 80 GeV ETmiss > 80 GeV

M eff E T

m iss

p T (jet i ) (GeV)
i 1

M eff E T

m iss

p T (jet i ) (GeV)
i 1

Extra Dimensions
What if Planck scale was much lower than 1019 GeV i.e., Gravity became Strong at lower energies?

Where are the extra Dimensions?

They could be compactified

Observing the effect at Collider Detectors

Real and virtual Gravitons would be produced

Signatures at ATLAS experiment

Monitoring the missing energy in the detector gives a powerful signature

Present experimental limits say scale of extra dimension ~ 2 TeV

Black Hole Production and Decay at ATLAS