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Outline
Lot-by-lot acceptance sampling plans for
attributes
Acceptance sampling plans for continuous
production
Acceptance sampling plans for variables
2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved
Learning Objectives
When you have completed this chapter you should be able to:
Determine the sampling plan using ANSI/ASQ Z1.4. Know the switching rules for ANSI/ASQ Z1.4. Categorize the various sampling plan systems in
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Learning Objectives-contd.
When you have completed this chapter you should be able to:
Describe the various sampling plan systems and
Tables
Construct the OC Curve for a chain sampling plan.
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Learning Objectives-contd.
When you have completed this chapter you should be able to:
Be able to use the Shainin Lot Plot Method. Determine the sampling plan ANSI/ASQ S1
2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved
2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved
ANSI/ASQ Z1.4
This standard is applicable to: End items Components and raw materials Operations
Materials in process
Supplies in storage Maintenance operations Data or records
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ANSI/ASQ Z1.4
Intended to be used for a continuing
size code.
Besterfield: Quality Control, 8th ed.. 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved
ANSI/ASQ Z1.4
Normal inspection is used at the start of
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ANSI/ASQ Z1.4
Reduced inspection: Used when the producers recent quality
major
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ANSI/ASQ Z1.4
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80
100=10
10
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ANSI/ASQ Z1.4
AQL The AQL is the most important part of the
standard since the AQL and sample size dictate the plan used.
AQL is defined as the maximum percent
ANSI/ASQ Z1.4
AQL AQL is specified by contract or responsible authority. AQL may be determine from historical data, empirical judgment, engineering information, experimentation, producers capability, consumers requirements.
Besterfield: Quality Control, 8th ed.. 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved
ANSI/ASQ Z1.4
AQL
AQL is specified by contract or responsible
authority.
AQL may be determine from historical data,
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ANSI/ASQ Z1.4
Sample Size
level
Use of sample-size code Inspection level is determined by the
responsible authority.
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ANSI/ASQ Z1.4
Sample Size
approximately the same protection to the producer, but different protections to the consumer.
Plan provides for special levels to be
used where relatively small sample sizes are necessary and large sampling risks must be tolerated. (S-1, S-2, S-3, S-4)
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ANSI/ASQ Z1.4
Implementation
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ANSI/ASQ Z1.4
Implementation contd.
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AQL
What an AQL means is that as long as a supplier maintains his/her process average (% defective) at the assigned AQL or lower, there is a very high probability that shipments from that supplier, when inspected using ASQ Z1.4 sampling plans, will be accepted.
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AQL
By the same token, there is a very high probability that shipments, when inspected using ASQ Z1.4 sampling plans, will be rejected if a supplier's process average (% defective) remains higher than the assigned AQL.
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Besterfield: Quality Control, 8th ed.. 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved
ANSI/ASQ Z1.4
Single sampling plans
tables.
Double and Multiple Sampling
ANSI/ASQ Z1.4
Normal, Tightened, and Reduced Inspection Start with normal inspection Switching Procedures Normal to tightened Institute when 2 out of 5 consecutive lots not accepted
on original inspection
Tightened to normal Institute when 5 consecutive lots accepted If not, then discontinue inspection under this plan
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Besterfield: Quality Control, 8th ed.. 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved
ANSI/ASQ Z1.4
Switching Procedures Normal to reduced Institute when: (all of the following) Preceding 10 lots on normal inspection have
been accepted
Total nonconforming in preceding 10 samples
responsible authority
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Besterfield: Quality Control, 8th ed.. 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved
ANSI/ASQ Z1.4
Switching Procedures Reduced to normal Institute when: (any of the following) A lot is not accepted Sampling procedure terminates with neither
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ANSI/ASQ Z1.4
Standard is designed for use where units of product
isolated nature, it should be chosen based on the Limiting Quality (LQ) and consumers risk, b.
These tables are included in the standard, but not
the textbook.
Or use ANSI/ASQ Standard Q3
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Besterfield: Quality Control, 8th ed.. 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved
ANSI/ASQ Standard Q3
Standard is used for inspection of isolated
lots by attributes.
Provides indexed tables by Limiting
Quality, LQ.
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ANSI/ASQ Standard Q3
Two Schemes:
1. Used for lots that are isolated or mixed or that have an unknown history as far as all parties know.
Lot size and LQ must be known. Nominal values of the LQ are based on
b=0.10
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Besterfield: Quality Control, 8th ed.. 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved
ANSI/ASQ Standard Q3
Two Schemes:
2. Used when a vendor is producing a continuous stream of lots and sends one or a few to a customer who will consider them as isolated lots.
Occurs frequently when purchasing
Dodge-Romig Tables
A set of inspection tables for lot-by-lot
Dodge-Romig Tables
Limiting Quality LQ
Based on the probability that a particular lot, which has percent nonconforming equal to the LQ, will be accepted. Probability is the consumers risk, = 0.10
LQ plans give assurance that individual lots of poor quality will rarely be accepted.
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Besterfield: Quality Control, 8th ed.. 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved
Dodge-Romig Tables
Observations about the LQ tables:
Dodge-Romig Tables
Average Outgoing Quality Limit AOQL
Dodge-Romig Tables
Process average
Obtained by the same techniques as for
p-charts
is obtained
Type of nonconformance
Dodge-Romig tables do not provide for different
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several samples
Determination of the value of i, the
number of previous samples, is determined by analysis of the OC curves for a given sample size.
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Besterfield: Quality Control, 8th ed.. 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved
accept the lot; if the sample has 2 or more nonconforming units, do not accept the lot; and if the sample has 1 nonconforming unit, it may be accepted provided that there are 0 nonconforming units in the previous
i samples of size n.
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Last Lot
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producer not to occasionally send an unacceptable lot that would have the optimum chance of acceptance.
4. The quality characteristic is one that
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Sequential Sampling
Used for costly or destructive tests
Subgroup size of 1 item by item plan
inspected is equal to three times the number inspected by a corresponding single sampling plan.
Based on the Sequential Probability Ratio Test
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inspection costs when there is a continuing supply of lots of raw materials, component parts, subassemblies, and finished parts from the same source.
Applicable to chemical and physical
Discontinue inspection of every lot Inspect a fraction, f, of the lots In a random manner When an inspected lot is found nonconforming
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ANSI/ASQ S1
Provides procedures to reduce the
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ANSI/ASQ S1
Requirements to use ANSI/ASQ S1
ANSI/ASQ S1
Additional requirements of the product:
Be of stable design
Have been manufactured on a continuous basis
ANSI/ASQ S1
Other:
The previous 10 or more consecutive lots
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production implies that manufacturing operations do not create lots as part of the normal part of the production process.
Parts are produced by a continuous
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product in the order of production until a certain number of successive units are free of nonconformities.
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The Screening Crew is Released from 100% Inspection and the Sampling Inspector Inspects a Fraction, f, of the Units, Where the Sample Units are Selected in a Random Manner. When the Sampling Inspector Finds One of the Nonconformities Concerned,
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MIL-STD-1235B
Standard is composed of five different
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MIL-STD-1235B
Inspection is by attributes for nonconforming
discontinuance of inspection
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