Presented by: Wong How Chu

Tan Shing Cheng

Jacqueline Tiong Liq Lin
 Andrew Dino Anak Najib
(20658 WS47)
 Diyanah Musfirah bt Jamal
(20873 WS47)
 Jacqueline Tiong Liq Lin
(21099 WS47)
 Marly Matleen Anak Augustine Agoh
(21412 WS47)
 Nabile binti Satibi
(21643 WS50)
 Nur Amiza bt Matsah
(21896 WS47)
 Nurul Ikma binti Razali
(22056 WS50)
 Siti Kamilah bt Mohamed
(22339 WS50)
 Tan Shing Cheng
(22501 WS47)
 Wong How Chu
(22635 WS50)
 Project Manager:
Jacqueline Tiong Liq Lin

Note Taker:
Siti Kamilah bt Mohamed
 Explain what tetradentate and hexadentate
ligands are.

 Determine the shape and the coordination

number for tetradentate and hexadentate

 Answering questions posted by the Medical

Committee
INTRODUCTION
Vitamin B12 is a water soluble vitamin
with a key role in the normal
functioning of the brain and nervous
system, especially the formation of
blood.
 It is structurally the most complicated
vitamin

• Vitamin B12 is a collection of cobalt

and corrin ring molecules which are
defined by their particular vitamin
function in the body.
 Chemical
structure of
Vitamin B12

• Systemic IUPAC
name is α-(5,6-
dimethylbenzimi-
dazolyl)
cobomidcyanide
 Porphyrin group
in the structure
of Vitamin B12

The diagram shows the structure of Vitamin B12 with

the porphyrin group being highlighted.
  In the structure of vitamin B12, it has a metal
(Co) complexed to a tetradentate porphyrin
group, nitrogen and a psedonucleotide.

The diagram above shows the structure of porphyrin.

LIGANDS
 Charged or uncharged molecule, with one or
more unshared pairs of electrons, that can
attach to a central metallic atom or ion to
form an aggregate known as a complex ion
(Huheey et al., 1993)

 Latin: ligare = “to bind”

 In forming a complex, a ligand is said to

coordinate to the metal.
 Prefix Meaning Prefix Meaning
Mono- 1 Tetra- 4
Di- or Bi- 2 Penta- 5
Tri- 3 Hexa- 6
 A chelating agent which has four groups
capable of attachment to a metal ion

 Also known as quadridentate ligand

 Has 4 lone pairs of electrons

• important for the
chelation of iron on
hemoglobin

• a tetradentate ligand
 Hexadentate ligand is a chelating agent
which has 6 groups capable of attachment
to a metal ion

 Also known as sexadentate ligand

 Has 6 lone pairs of electrons

 Ethylenediaminetetracetic acid

 Used for the removal of heavy metals from

animal tissues
 The EDTA ion entirely wraps up a metal ion
using all the 6 positions

 Coordination number = 6, because 6 coordinate

bonds are formed by the central metal ion
 Tetradentate Hexadentate

Shape Square planar Octahedral

Tetrahedral Trigonal prismatic
Coordination
4 6
number
Number of lone
pairs of electrons 4 6
Square planar

Tetrahedral

Octahedral

Trigonal prismatic
 ANSWERS TO
QUESTIONS POSTED
FROM THE MEDICAL
COMMITTEE
 [Fe(C2O4)3]2-

Trioxalateferrate(III) ion
 K4[Fe(CN)6]

(i) Potassium hexacyanoferrate (II)

Roman numeral represents oxidation
number

(ii) Potassium hexacyanoferrate (4-)

Arabic numbers represents net charge

(iii) Tetrapotassium hexacyanoferrate

Leigh, G. J., ed., Nomenclature of Inorganic
Chemistry (1990). IUPAC. Blackwell Scientific
Publications, England. p 152 - 157.

Huheey, J.E., Keiter, E.A., Keiter, R.L.(1993).

Inorganic Chemistry-Principles of Structure
and Reactivity. Fourth Edition. HapperCollins
College Publishers, New York.

Rawn, J.D., Kask, U. (1993). General

Chemistry. Wm. C. Brown Communication. p
812-840.
 Brown, T.L., LeMay, H.E., Jr., Bursten, B.E.,
Murphy, C.J. (2009) Chemistry – the Central
Science. Eleventh Edition. Pearson
Education, Inc., New Jersey. p 1015 – 1041.

 Wikipedia. Vitamin B12. Retrieved on 9 Feb

2009 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin
_B12
QUESTIONS?
Thank you !