Introduction to Embedded Software Development

1. Embedded System

School of software Engineering

2005

Agenda

What is an embedded system? Embedded system features Embedded system Configuration

Embedded Hardware Embedded Software

Agenda

What is an embedded system? Embedded system features Embedded system Configuration

Embedded Hardware Embedded Software

What is an Embedded system?

An embedded system is a large or small computer system that is built into a product, a piece of equipment or another computer system, and that performs some task useful to the product, equipment or system. It is a computer system that is progr -ammed to perform a particular task.

What is an Embedded system?

Maybe you will say, " But all computers are programmed to perform tasks!" You are right, however an embedded system is programmed to perform its task from the time it is powered up until it is shut down. Its programming cannot be changed except in ways that its original programmer intended.

What is an Embedded system?

An embedded system is a component of a larger system of some sort. Indeed, embedded systems may be nested within other embedded systems to arbitrary depth. Generally, the "higher level" embedded system is the more complex one, but this is not necessarily the case.

Examples of embedded systems

PDA Microwave Programmable washing Machine Digital answering machine GPS Intelligent credit card Cruise control Car engine timing

Examples of embedded systems

Industrial controller Guided missiles Digital TV Flight controller Measuring instruments Medical instruments Gaming devices and on and on

Mars, December 3, 1999 Crashed due to uninitialized variable

Agenda

What is an embedded system? Embedded system features Embedded system Configuration

Embedded Hardware Embedded Software

Embedded system features

Real time Small sized Low power Cost effective

What is Real Time?

A real time system is one in which the correctness of the computations not only depends upon the logical correctness of the computation but also upon the time at which the result is produced. If the timing constraints of the system are not met, system failure is said to have occurred. Donald Gillies

What is Real Time?

Real time in operating systems: The ability of the operating system to provide a required level of service in a bounded response time. POSIX Standard 1003.1

Real-Time System
Correct function at correct time Usually embedded Often distributed Deadlines Hard real-time systems Soft real-time systems

Hard vs. Soft Real Time Hard real-time

Systems where it is absolutely imperative that responses occur within the required deadline. E.g. Flight control systems.

Soft real-time
Systems where deadlines are important but which will still function correctly if deadlines are occasionally missed. E.g. Data acquisition system.

Real-Time System

Applications (Hard)
Cars (Volvo S80 has 19 computers) Aeroplanes (JAS) Medical equipment Space vehicles (Mars lander) Military systems Industrial automation

Real-Time System

Applications (Soft)
Games DVD (Mpeg encoding) Internet video and broadcasting Telecom

Agenda

What is an embedded system? Embedded system features Embedded system Configuration

Embedded Hardware Embedded Software

Embedded system Configuration

Programs Operating

User Program Including Operating

Hardware

Hardware

System

System Components

Typical Computer system Configuration

Typical Embedded system Configuration

A Typical Embedded System

Real-Time Clock Algorithms for Digital Control Interface Engineering System

Data Logging

Remote Monitoring System

Database

Data Retrieval and Display

Display Devices

Operators Console

Operator Interface

Real-Time Computer

Agenda

What is an embedded system? Embedded system features Embedded system Configuration

Embedded Hardware Embedded Software

Embedded Hardware

CPU

Intel x86 PowerPC(Mac) G3,G4,G5 SPARC, Alpha ARM MIPS

DATA Wide

8 Bit controllers(still!) 16 Bit controllers(mainly) 32 Bit controllers(start popular) 64 Bit controllers(high performance)

Embedded Hardware

CPU Market

Embedded Hardware Example

Worry about

power + energy
Why worry about energy and power?

Power is considered as the most important constraint in embedded systems

[in: L. Eggermont (ed): Embedded Systems Roadmap 2002, STW]

Current UMTS phones can hardly be operated for more than an hour, if data is being transmitted.
[from a report of the Financial Times, Germany, on an analysis by Credit Suisse First Boston; http://www.ftd.de/tm/tk/9580232.html?nv=se]

Agenda

What is an embedded system? Embedded system features Embedded system Configuration

Embedded Hardware Embedded Software

Embedded Software The Goal

To create a modern computational systems science and systems design practice with
Concurrency Composability Time Hierarchy

Heterogeneity Resource constraints Verifiability Understandability

Embedded Software features

Limited Resource

Real time
No clear borderline between user program and OS Develop method
Enet Serial

User Program Including Operating

Hardware

System Components

host

target

Typical Embedded system Configuration

Embedded Software Architecture Today

Embedded Software Architecture Tomorrow

Homework

How to comprehend embedded system? Which of the products you use are embedd -ed system? Please give out their functions.

What is embedded software features? What is the difference between a typic computer system and embedded system?