LOGIC

Come and let us reason together Isaiah, 1:18

IDIOGENESIS

When the philosopher said that Nothing in the intellect without first passing through the senses,

DEFINING LOGIC
The science of correct thinking. Etymology: logos= thought logike art of reason A tool for the acquisition/ attainment of Truth.

Object of thinking
Founded by Zeno in 300BC and established by Aristotle (384-322 BC). A philosophical science on correct inferential thinking.

Inference = conclusion based on evidence / cause>effect

e.g. I cannot go to school because I have no companion.

AN INVITATION TO THE ART AND SCIENCE OF LOGIC

The traditional preconception of logic: Appeal to our inherent capability of identifying logical decisions as rational animals. A call for more logical individuals Individuals who aspire to become professionals, capable of becoming good decision makers in ones chosen career. Decisions = Defines the self. .: Good Decisions = Better Individual Includes institution / companies/ organizations one is affiliated with. These Decisions would define the future not only of oneself but also of the group/s one is immersed in.

A tool for correct thinking Your Decisions in Life Define who you are; Decision making?

Rationality - maximum cultivation to be fully human

Man as RATIONAL animal.

NATURAL SCIENCES AND PHILOSOPHY

Not a mere enumeration of facts but a continuous discovery of underlying principles

Systematic body of knowledge

Utilize demonstrations mental / physical

MAN
Natural Science (zoology) Man is a member of the Genus Homo, Family Hominidae, Order Primates, Class Mammalia, characterized by erect posture and opposable thumb, distinguished by the ability to communicate by means of organized speech and to record information in a variety of symbolic systems. Philosophy Man is a rational animal, that is, a being having an organic sensitive body and a rational soul, which through the specific rational faculties of reason and will is capable of abstract knowledge through discovery, inference or education, and is also capable of discretionary free action, of culture and progress, and of communicating with his kind by means of articulate voice and other meaningful signs.

PHILOSOPHY AS SCIENCE
PHILOSOPHY Not reliant on authority but solely on the reasoning power of the human mind.

An extension of science
Begins where science (physical & life sciences) ends Ventures towards the limits of human understanding Etymology: Love of Wisdom THE SCIENCE OF BEINGS IN THEIR ULTIMATE REASONS, CAUSES, PRINCIPLES, ACQUIRED BY THE AID OF HUMAN REASON ALONE

Being

In its most general forms

In its special forms

The World

God

The non living world

The living world

Vegetative, Sentient, Rational

Man

As body and soul

In the operations of the mind

In the operations of the will

Correct Thinking

Validity of knowledge

Ontology

Psychology

Logic

Epistemology

Ethics

Theodicy

PROPOSITION
Something that may be asserted or denied

INFERENCE
THE PROCESS BY WHICH ONE PROPOSITION IS ARRIVED AT AND AFFIRMED ON THE BASIS OF ONE OR MORE OTHER PROPOSITIONS ACCEPTED AS THE STARTING POINT OF THE PROCESS. I HATE MY TEACHER BECAUSE HE IS LATE.

ARGUMENT
Is any group of propositions of which one is claimed to follow from the others, which are regarded as providing support or grounds for the truth of that one.

GOD CREATED EVIL, THEREFORE GOD IS THE SOURCE OF EVIL AND IS EVIL. THEREFORE GOD CANNOT EXIST.

CONCLUSION
Is the proposition that is affirmed on the basis of the other propositions of the argument. BUT THAT IS IMPOSSIBLE, THEREFORE GOD CANNOT EXIST.

PREMISE
PROVIDES SUPPORT FOR THE CONCLUSION

A WELL REGULATED MILITIA BEING NECESSARY TO THE SECURITY OF A FREE STATE, THE RIGHT OF THE PEOPLE TO KEEP AND BEAR ARMS SHALL NOT BE INFRINGED. US CONSTITUTION, 2 ND AMENDMENT PREMISE: A WELL REGULATED MILITIA BEING NECESSARY TO THE SECURITY OF A FREE STATE. CONCLUSION: THE RIGHT OF THE PEOPLE TO KEEP AND BEAR ARMS SHALL NOT BE INFRINGED.

IDENTIFY THE ARGUMENTS

 WE CAN AVERT A MAJORITY OF CANCERS BY PREVENTION EFFORTS, EVEN IF WE NEVER GET STRAIGHT ON THE CAUSES; MORE RESEARCH ON PREVENTION AND LESS ON CURE MAKES INCREASING SENSE

 GOOD SENSE IS OF ALL THINGS IN THE WORLD THE MOST EQUALLY DISTRIBUTED, FOR EVERYBODY THINKS HIMSELF SO ABUNDANTLY PROVIDED WITH IT THAT EVEN THOSE MOST DIFFICULT TO PLEASE IN ALL OTHER MATTERS DO NOT COMMONLY DESIRE MORE OF IT THAN THEY ALREADY POSSESS.

 You need to vote because America doesnt work if you dont vote.

 FORBEAR TO JUDGE, FOR WE ARE SINNERS ALL.

- SHAKESPEARE, HENRY VI

 MALES BORN INTO POVERTY ARE MORE LIKELY TO COMMIT CRIMES AS TEENAGERS AND ADULTS THAN ARE MORE PRIVILGED MALES. SO A BOOM IN BIRTH AMONG POOR MOTHERS CAN BE EXPECTED TO EXERT UPWARD PRESSURE ON THE CRIME RATE 15 TO 20 YEARS LATER

UNDERSTANDING THE HUMAN PERSON

Faith and reason are like two wings on which the human spirit rises to the contemplation of truth; and God has placed in the human heart a desire to know the truthin a word, to know himselfso that, by knowing and loving God, men and women may also come to the fullness of truth about themselves -JP II (Fides et Ratio)

COSMOLOGICAL
Man is understood as part of the cosmos Man is an individual substance with a rational nature. An object among other objects in the world.

PERSONALISTIC
Inward approach of the human person. In this mode of understanding, we look at the person not in relation with the things outside the human being, but identify the internal experience of an individual

The scientific understanding of Man.

Man is identified as an object and an existing thing among other existing objects in the world. Outward

By doing so, we identify that every individual is unique by virtue of his/her individual experiences, emanating from an individuals consciousness
We become aware, that the human person is fully aware of himself as a conscious subject.

3 ACTS OF THE MIND

1. Apprehension -

2. Judgment 3. Reasoning