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Productive Persistence: A Practical Theory of Student Success

Unproductive Persistence
1000 Dev Ed Students 50% started college > 3 years ago 20% started college > 5 years ago 8% started college > 10 years ago 2.5% started college 20 years ago or more

Do College
Started in 2009 as Do College
90-Day Cycle of inquiry that resulted in a framework, a sort of discipline inquiry period.
Interviews Research Scans that had anything to do with student success, persistence, etc.

Allowed them to test interventions in a mindful way

Productive Persistence:

Tenacity + Good Strategies

Solutionitis: The Search for the Perfect Widget:


Wrap-around supports Intrusive Advising Career planning

Study Skills
Proper Placement

Acceleration

Navigating the college campus Invest in Metacognitive monitoring of progress Faculty Development toward goals and of effectiveness of strategies Supplemental Instruction Peer tutors

Sense of self-efficacy
Student Cohorts Self Regulated Learning Mandatory Orientation Academic Counseling

Improvement Research: Our Proposed Way Forward

What we know: Lots of things can work, under some (usually unspecified) set of conditions.

Improvement Research: Our Proposed Way Forward

Carnegie asks: How can we distill the most promising ideas and make them work reliably, in the hands of diverse practitioners with diverse students in diverse contexts?
Uri Treisman: We need to scale things that mere mortals can pull off.

Improvement Research: Our Proposed Way Forward

Carnegies strategy:
Think through which ideas drive success for our students in our colleges. Create practical ways to precisely measure these ideas. Cull promising ways to influence them, from research and practice. Use improvement research to produce an evidence base for these practices:
Geoff Cohen: Separate common sense from common nonsense.

3 Main Parts of Productive Persistence 1. Practical theory 2. Practical measures 3. Activities/interventions

3 Main Parts of Productive Persistence


1. Practical theory
Based on research and evidence from academic researchers and faculty practitioners (you need both) Takes a chaotic messy field and breaks it up into smaller chunks you can work on Approach: What works for whom, under what conditions."
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Primary Driver (Drivers of the solution)

Secondary Drivers Students feel that the professor cares that they, personally, succeed in the course and in college.

Productive Persistence Aim: Students continue to put forth effort during challenges and when they do so they use effective strategies.

Students have skills, habits and know-how to succeed in college setting.

Students believe they are capable of learning math. Students believe the course has value. Students feel socially tied to peers, faculty, and the course. Faculty and college support students skills and mindsets.

Students feel they are a necessary and important part of the classroom community. Students feel comfortable asking questions Students do not feel stigmatized due to membership in a negatively stereotyped group. Students do not question whether they belong.

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3 Main Parts of Productive Persistence 2. Practical measures


Surveys on the first day of class and the third week - "You can't improve what you can't measure"

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Productive Persistence Questions: 20 Item Test


Interest: Overall, how interesting are math and statistics to you? Fixed mindset: Being a "math person" or not is something about you that you really can't change. Some people are good at math and other people arent. Anxiety: How anxious would you feel the moment before you got a math or statistics test back? Professors care: How many of your college professors do you think would care whether you succeeded or failed in their classes?

Belonging uncertainty: When you think about your college, how often, if ever, do you wonder: "Maybe I don't belong here?"
Productive struggle: Knowing the right answer to a math problem without having to think about it, or knowing how to
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Quantway: Validity of PP Measures


27 26
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ES = .25** ES = .13***
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ES = .10*
25

ES = -.13*
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Baseline Math Test

25 24 23 22 21
22 23

Low (-1 SD)


23 23

High (+1 SD)

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Mindset Belonging Interest Anxiety

Classes With High PP Levels Also Have High Persistence Rates


80% Persistence Rate (persistence to the next term) 70% 60%
59% 59%

r = .33
71%

r = 34
71%

r = .32
72%

r = .46
74%

50% 40%

57%

55%

Low (-1 SD) High (+1 SD)

30%
20% 10% 0%

Mindset

Belonging

Interest

Anxiety

***Composite: t = 3.01, p < .005

3 Main Parts of Productive Persistence

3.

Activities and Interventions


Initial improvable set of interventions developing and testing others Bringing research and practitioners together to develop pilot interventions
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Initial Starting Strong Activities


Getting to know you activity

Contract activity
Mindset activity Working in groups/Group roles Why study statistics/mathematics? Script for engaging in productive struggle

Language script
Syllabus activity

Most people dont know that when they practice and learn new things, parts of their brain change and get larger, a lot like the muscles do. This is true even for adults. So its not true that some people are stuck being not smart or not math people. You can improve your abilities a lot, as long as you practice and use good strategies.
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I feel very confident because i dedicate my time to learn the concepts thoroughly. I feel that if one person put in the work to really understand the concepts they can pass. I was never a "math person" but coming into Statway has completely made a 360 degree turn [sic] about how i feel about math. It is great!
- Developmental Math Student in Statway

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What Changed From Baseline to 3+ Weeks?


Interest Fixed Mindset Math Anxiety

ES = +.39***

ES = -.78***

ES = -.32***

Professors Care

Belonging Uncertainty

Productive Struggle

ES = +.65***

ES = -.26***

ES = +.08 n.s. What can we do better?

ES = Effect size in standard deviation units (Cohens D)

Takeaways
Productive persistence matters for developmental math student performance
Drivers of it can be measured quickly and validly We need to get better at improving productive persistence. To do so, well we need to continue measuring it.

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productive.persistence@carnegiefoundation.org

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