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4.1 STATEMENT
Statements are sentences that can be determined as either true or false at the same time.
EXAMPLE 1
Determine whether the following sentences are statement or not
a) b) c) d) e) f) g) 11 2 = 2 2 The formula for the area of a circle is 2r . State the number of diagonals in a square. Help! 2 is a factor of 6. 3 x 2 = 12 bxbxb=b
Solution :
a) 11 2 = 9 Statement because it is true b) The formula for the area of a circle is 2r 2 Statement because it is false c) State the number of diagonals in a square. Not a statement because it is a instruction d) Help! Not a statement because it is a exclamation e) 2 is a factor of 6. f) 3 x 2 = 12 g) b x b x b = b
EXAMPLE 2
Determine whether the following sentences are true or false
a) An octagon has 8 sides
b) 11 12 c) - 8 - 7 False statements True statements False statements True statements True statements
d) 12 is a factor of 2 e) 22 is a multiple of 11
c) Object : positive numbers Property : integers Answer : Some positive numbers are integers d) Object : polygons Property : exterior angles add up to 360 Answer : All polygons have exterior angles add up to 360
3.
P
True True False False
q
True False True False
p and q
True False False False
P
True True False False
q
True False True False
p or q
True True True False
b)
Example : Determine the truth value of each of the following compound statements. 1 1 a) 10 1 and 0.1 10 10
true b) true = true statement
c)
12 2 2 32
false
32 4 2 5 2
true = true statement
d) Some even numbers are divisible by 2 or all odd numbers are divisible by 3. false = false statement false
Implication
In Mathematics, statements in the form if p, then q is known as an implication. p is the antecedent and
q is the consequence.
Example :
A compound statement consisting of if and only if can be written as two implications. They are if p, then q and if q, then p
Example :
y 7 11 if and only if y 4
Solution:
Implication 1 : If
y 7 11 ,
then
y4
y 7 11
Implication 2 : If
y4
, then
Example :
Write down two implications based on the following sentence: x is an even number if and only if x can be divided by 2
Solution:
If x is an even number, x can be divided by 2 Imp 1 : If x is an even number, Imp 2 : then x can be divided by 2
Example:
Write the converse of each of the following implications, then determine whether this converse is true or false true
Implication If a is an odd number, then (a+1) is an even number. If x is divisible by 6, then x is divisible by 3. If xy = 0, then x=0 or y=0. If x and y are opposite angles in a cyclic quadrilateral, then x+y=180
True/False True
False True
True