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ROUTING TABLE
PC1
PC2
DATA
PR
IP
MAC
ROUTING TABLE
PC1
PC2
CACHE MEMORY
CACHE MEMORY ADJ Table This Hop Has this MAC address
PC2
MPLS
Industry standard mechanism Forwarding decisions based on layer 2 labels Labels can corresponds to : Destination network QoS Outgoing interface MPLS is service provider technique.
DATA
PR
IP
MAC
MPLS LABEL
LABEL
BITS: 0-19
EXP
20-22
BS
23
TTL
24-31
DATA
PR
IP
L3
L2
L1
MAC
50
32 12 28 50 LIB B
32 28 Action table
28
SERVICE PROVIDER 1. Routing table build. 2. A label is assigned and distributed to 12.0.0.0 each SP router 3. Each SP router build LIB 4. Then each SP router build Action table
CLIENT2
CLIENT1
MPLS TERMINOLOGY
Label Switch Router (LSR)/Provider Router
MPLS VPN
A Virtual Private Network (VPN) is a private network service delivered over a public (shared) network. Two broad categories: 1. Customer-based: VPN configured on customer located equipment ,IPSec.
64-bit RD
Customer 1
Customer 1
PE
Customer 2
VRF
PE
Customer 2 P
SERVICE PROVIDER
INTERNET
ADVANTAGES
Provide security by separating address space and routing information of customers Spoofing is very difficult to accomplish since LSPs have local significance only Used to provide a fully meshed network architecture
MPLS TE
The task of engineering the traffic flows in the backbone network
The key characteristics of Traffic Engineering are: - Avoid congestion - Apply CBSPF for the traffic flows. - Provide ISPs better to deliver QoS and CoS
Implementation of TE requires end-to-end virtual paths across the network MPLS TE automatically establishes and maintains the tunnel across the backbone, using RSVP.
CONGESTION CONTROL
Two mechanisms: FATE mechanism FATE+ mechanism
FATE provide rebalancing flows during congestion periods by using priority buffers in LSP routers
MPLS QOS
MPLSs connection-oriented nature provides the framework necessary to give quality guarantees to IP traffic While QoS and Class of Service (CoS) are not fundamental features of MPLS, they can be applied in MPLS networks where TE is used. Two mechanisms: IntServ(Integrated Services) DiffServ(Differentiated Services)
INTSERV(INTEGRATED SERVICES)
Fine-grained, flow-based mechanism
DIFFSERV(DIFFERENTIAT ED SERVICES)
Coarse-grained, class-based mechanism for traffic management. Operates on the principle of traffic classification, where each data packet is placed into a limited number of traffic classes Does not provide guarantees
Not very scalable or practical to DiffServ architecture is a operate across large networks scalable
ATM network adds significant complexity and overhead to the data stream.
An MPLS connection is unidirectional,2 LSPs are required for connectivity on the other hand, ATM are bidirectional
MPLS provides the control component for IP on both the ATM switches and routers.
CONCLUSION
MPLS is packet forwarding technique . Makes router as efficient as switch. Most commonly used as VPN. Easily used with technologies like Frame relay, ATM
REFRENCES
XIXIA Whitepaper. Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) Conformance and Performance Testing,2004. IRM research Whitepaper Thorsten Fischer. MPLS Security Overview,2007. ITU-T - IETF Joint Working Team Dave Ward, Malcolm Betts, ed. MPLS Architectural Considerations for a Transport Profile,2008. Cisco Systems Whitepaper. Analysis Of Mpls-based Ip Vpn Security: Comparison To Traditional L2vpns Such As Atm And Frame Relay, And Deployment Guidelines,2008. Tata Communication Whitepaper. Major TV Broadcaster Delivers the News with Tata Communications MPLS Service,2007.