Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Competitiveness
Strategy
Productivity
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Better quality, higher productivity, lower costs, and the ability to respond quickly to customer needs are more important than ever and
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Competitiveness:
How effectively an organization meets the wants and
needs of customers relative to others that offer similar goods or services Organizations compete through some combination of their marketing and operations functions What do customers want? How can these customer needs best be satisfied?
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Product and service design 2. Cost 3. Location 4. Quality 5. Quick response 6. Flexibility 7. Inventory management 8. Supply chain management 9. Service 10. Managers and workers
1.
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Failing to take advantage of strengths and opportunities and/or failing to recognize competitive threats Too much emphasis on short-term financial performance at the expense of R&D Too much emphasis in product and service design and not enough on process design and improvement Neglecting investments in capital and human resources Failing to establish good internal communications and cooperation Failing to consider customer wants and needs and to anticipate changes in customer requirements
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Mission
Goals
Organizational Strategies
Functional Strategies Tactics
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Mission The reason for an organizations existence The mission statement should answer the question of What business are we in? Goals Provide detail and the scope of the mission Goals can be viewed as organizational destinations Strategy A plan for achieving organizational goals Serves as a roadmap for reaching the organizational destinations
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shareowners by providing high value-added logistics, transportation and related information services through focused operating companies. Customer requirements will be met in the highest quality manner appropriate to each market segment served. FedEx Corporation will strive to develop mutually rewarding relationships with its employees, partners and suppliers. Safety will be the first consideration in all operations. Corporate activities will be conducted to the highest ethical and professional standards.
http://ir.fedex.com/documentdisplay.cfm?DocumentID=125
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Strategy A plan for achieving organizational goals Serves as a roadmap for reaching the organizational destinations Organizations have Organizational strategies
Overall strategies that relate to the entire organization Support the achievement of organizational goals and mission
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Tactics
The methods and actions taken to accomplish strategies
The how to part of the process
Operations
The actual doing part of the process
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Mission
Goals
Organizational Strategies
Functional Strategies Tactics
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Core Competencies
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account:
Core competencies Environmental scanning SWOT
into account:
Order qualifiers Order winners
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. Markets
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Human Resources Facilities and equipment Financial resources Customers Products and services Technology Suppliers Other
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Quality-based strategy
Strategy that focuses on quality in all phases of an
organization
Why might a company want a Quality-based strategy, if
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Time-based strategies
Strategies that focus on the reduction of time needed
to accomplish tasks It is believed that by reducing time: costs are lower, quality is higher, productivity is higher, time-to-market is faster, and customer service is improved
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reductions:
Planning time Product/service design time Processing time
Changeover time
Delivery time Response time for complaints
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Agile operations
A strategic approach for competitive advantage that
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clarify their vision and strategy and transform them into action
Develop objectives Identify links among the various perspectives Finance Customer Internal business processes Learning and growth Develop metrics and targets for each objective Develop initiatives to achieve objectives
Monitor results
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Productivity
A measure of the effective use of resources, usually
country
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High productivity is linked to higher standards of living As an economy replaces manufacturing jobs with lower productivity service jobs, it is more difficult to maintain high standards of living Higher productivity relative to the competition leads to
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Productivity =
Output Input
Partial Measures
Ouput ; Labor
Output Capital
Multifacto r Measures
Output Ouput Output ; ; Multiple Inputs Labor + Machine Labor + Capital + Energy
Goods or services produced Total Measure All inputs used to produce them
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Units produced: Selling price: Labor input: Cost of labor: Cost of materials: Cost of overhead:
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Multifactor Productivity=
=
= 3.5294
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Productivity Growth =
23- 25 100% 8% 25
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manage because
It involves intellectual activities It has a high degree of variability
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Methods
Capital
Quality
Technology
Management
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Develop productivity measures for all operations Determine critical (bottleneck) operations Develop methods for productivity improvements Establish reasonable goals Make it clear that management supports and encourages productivity improvement Measure and publicize improvements Dont confuse productivity with efficiency
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meals at a party last week using 8 workers. The week before, 6 workers prepared and served 240 meals at a wedding reception.
For which event was the labor productivity
higher? What are some possible reasons for the productivity differences?
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