Verbs

SPI 0601.1.1 . . . verbs (including agreement with the subject in person and number, action verbs that take objects, linking verbs, helping verbs, verb phrases, verb tenses, regular and irregular verb forms) . .. SPI 0601.1.2 Recognize and correct usage errors (e.g., double negatives, troublesome words {to/too/two, their/there/theyre, its/its, sit/set, lie/lay, affect/effect, may/can, leave/let, teach/learn, accept/except, capitol/capital, principle/principal, between/among}).

What is a verb?
Verbs are words that describe:
an action
Bill hopped, skipped, and ran down the street.

a state
Her name is Sally. She has 3 brothers and a sister. or

an occurrence/happening
Snow glistened on the tree tops. The blackout occurred after midnight.

Helping Verbs
Helping verbs are words that help the main verb. They have no meaning on their own. Helping verbs are needed to make the sentence grammatically correct. Examples: Peter is going to town. Jane would have gone, but she didnt have a ride.

Helping Verb Song

(Sung to the tune of Jingle Bells)

Helping Verbs! Helping Verbs! There are 23.... Am, is are! Was and were! Being, been, and be! Have, has, had! Do, does, did! Shall, should, will, and would! There are 5 more helping verbs: may, might, must, can, and could!

Helping and Main Verbs

http://www.kyrene.k12.az.us/schools/brisa s/sunda/verb/1help.htm

Helping Verbs
may might must be being been am are is was were do does did should could would have had has will can shall

(main)

(main)

(main)

Practice
Student Packet page 81.
Helping Verb Main Verb

1. Chris has gone to the movie.

has

gone

2. That worker had eaten in a caf.

had

eaten

Regular Verbs
Regular verbs will show past tense by adding ed.
Today I walk to town. Yesterday I walked to town.

Present tense is shown by adding ing.

Right now I am walking to town.

Rules
Some regular verbs vary slightly in spelling, but basically still follow the pattern. For example If a verb ends in a single vowel followed by a single consonant (VC), and the vowel has a strong stress, the final consonant is doubled before adding -ed or -ing. stop stopped stopping OR If the verb ends in -e, drop the e before adding ed or -ing. hope hoped hoping

OR If the verb ends in a consonant plus y (Cy), we change the y to i and add -es or -ed. In the case of -ing, we do not change the y. study studied - studying

Irregular Verbs
Irregular verbs do not follow the rules, and must be memorized. On the next 5 slides you will see some irregular verbs. Dont worry. You have heard these your whole life. Most you will just know.

Present be

Past was, were

Past Participle been

become
begin blow break bring build burst buy

became
began blew broke brought built burst bought

become
begun blown broken brought built burst bought

burst
catch choose come cut deal do drink

burst
caught chose came cut dealt did drank

burst
caught chosen come cut dealt done drunk

Present
drive eat fall feed feel fight find

Past
drove ate fell fed felt fought found

Past Participle
driven eaten fallen fed felt fought found

fly
forbid forget forgive freeze

flew
forbade forgot forgave froze

flown
forbidden forgotten forgiven frozen

get
give go grow have

got
gave went grew had

gotten
given gone grown had

hear hide hold hurt keep know lay lead leave let lie lose make meet pay quit read ride

heard hid held hurt kept knew laid led left let lay lost made met paid quit read rode

heard hidden held hurt kept known laid led left let lain lost made met paid quit read ridden

run say see seek sell send shake shine sing sit sleep speak spend spring stand steal swim swing

ran said saw sought sold sent shook shone sang sat slept spoke spent sprang stood stole swam swung

run said seen sought sold sent shaken shone sung sat slept spoken spent sprung stood stolen swum swung

take teach tear tell think throw understand wake

took taught tore told thought threw understood woke (waked)

taken taught torn told thought thrown understood woken (waked)

wear
win write

wore
won wrote

worn
won written

Practice
Page 91 1. Past participle of to begin had begun 2. Past participle of to leave had left Page 93 1. Past participle of to sit had sat 2. Past participle of to grow had grown

Practice
Page 95 1. That toilet has (broke, broken) again. 2. A credit card was (stolen, stole) from his wallet. Page 97 1. The tomato plant has (grew, grown) very large. 2. Marty had (came, come) to the party early. 3. We could have (swam, swum) for another hour.

Sit and Set

Sit means to take a seat or sit down. I want to sit here a while and rest. Sit in the blue chair. Set means to place something. Please set this blue chair in that corner. Set the red cushion on the blue chair.

Lie and Lay

People lie on beds. Dogs lie on people. Fleas lie on dogs. The people, the dogs, and the fleas are very still. Lie is a still verb. A person picks up a dog and lays it on a blanket. A pair of tweezers picks a flea off a dog and lays it outside. A hen lays an egg. The person, the tweezers, and the hen are very active. Lay is an active verb. It implies that somebody is setting or placing something somewhere.

Lie (to lie down on a bed) lie, lay, lain, lying

Today I lie in bed. Yesterday I lay in bed. Many times I have lain in bed. Yesterday I was lying in bed all day. Lying in bed all day is boring.

Lay (to place something, to set something down) lay, laid, laid, laying
Today I lay the book on the counter. Yesterday I laid the book on the counter. Many times I have laid the book on the counter. Yesterday I was laying the book on the counter when Mom came home. Laying books on the kitchen counter is against the rules in my house.

Americans use the words lie and lay incorrectly so often that your ear has trouble telling you which is correct. Here are a few tips to help you keep these words straight.

Tip
Remember the verb lay works just like to say and to pay. Those verbs are irregular, but they arent confusing. Today I say that I pay; yesterday I said that I paid; many times I have said that I have paid. To lay works the same. lay, laid, laid

Tip 2
Nobody says that hens lie eggs. We all get that one correct: hens lay eggs. Those hens are mighty busy! Just visualize in your mind how active and busy those hens are. Lay is an active, busy word. When youre doing something active (laying down your backpack, laying a new rug on the floor), lay is the word you want.

Tip 3
Remember that lie is a quiet word. Heres a silly ditty you can use to remind yourself of that (notice all the eye sounds): At night, I turn out my light and lie. Whether its on you sofa, on your beach towel, or on your bed, if you are quietly reclining, youre lying never laying.

Tip 4
Substitute the word place or the word put. If the sentence sounds right, lay is the word you want. If it doesnt sound right, lie is the word you want. Does it sound right to say that you place the book on the table? Yes, so its correct to say that you lay the book on the table. Does it sound right to say you place in your bed at night? No, so its correct to say that you lie in your bed at night.

Troublesome Verbs
Present Present Participle
"to be"

Past

Past Participle

Future

To lie

she lies

she is lying

she lay

she has lain

she will lie

To lay
To sit

she lays (it)

he sits

She is laying
he is sitting

she laid (it)

he sat

she has laid (it)

he has sat

she will lay (it)

he will sit

To set

he sets (it)

he is setting

he set (it)

he has set (it)

he will set (it)

Direct Object
In the next assignment you will be crossing out prepositional phrases and identifying direct objects. Remember A prepositional phrase will begin with a preposition and end with a noun or pronoun. subject + verb + what? or who? = direct object

Practice
Page 109 DO 1. A surfer (lay, laid) his board on the sand. 2. My grandfather (sits, sets) by a stream during fishing season. Page 111 2. Jenny is (laying, lying) in the sun without a hat. 3. That lady always (sits, sets) in the sun without a hat.)

Linking Verbs
Linking verbs are words that connect the subject to additional information about the subject. Linking verbs connect the subject to a predicate noun or predicate adjective. Examples George Washington became the first president. Paul is nine years old.

Linking Verbs
The most common linking verb is the verb to be. Other common linking verbs are forms of
to become to seem to appear to look to feel to sound to taste to smell

Practice
Page 125 PA 1. The sky is cloudy. cloudy sky
2.

His ring is gold. gold ring

PA

Page 131 was 1. __L___ The fudge became sticky. was 2. __L___ The floor behind the stove grew dirty. 3. __A___ I walked to the store.

Practice
Page 133 is 1. __L___ Our cat seems sick.
was

2. __L___ His idea sounded terrific.

Subject/Verb Agreement
Subjects and verbs must work together. They must agree. A verb that ends in a single -s, -es, or -ies is used with a singular noun.

Examples
Singular Subject
Little Bear

Singular Verb
bellows

Omri
Fire Patrick

shares
glows fixes

A verb that does not end in a single s, es, or ies is used with a plural noun.

Examples
Plural Subject
a cowboy and his horse

Plural Verb
bellow

cowboys
The two fires Patricks parents

share
glow fix

Brain Pop
Watch the Brain Pop movie, then try the quiz. http://www.brainpop.com/english/grammar/s ubjectverbagreement/

Practice
Page 137 1. A guide (lives, live) in those mountains. 2. Margo (stays, stay) with her grandmother. Page 139 1. The dog (bark, barks) throughout the night. 2. This document (is, are) very important.

Practice
Page 143 1. His friends (sit, sits) beside me on the bus. 2. Gold miners (search, searches) for gold in the Superstition Mountains.

Practice
Page 141 1. Those trains (travel, travels) through a tunnel. DO 2. Some cooks (make, makes) lasagna without meat.

Verb Tenses Present, Past, or Future

There are three main verb tenses:
Present Past Future

Practice - Page 151

1. Present 2. Past 3. Future

Terry rollerskates to his friends house. Terry rollerskated with his sister. Tonight, Terry will rollerskate around the park.

Practice
Page 153 1. _present__ These girls swim in the ocean. 2. _future___ Mom will swim twenty laps. 3. _past____ My cousin swam on a high school team.

Practice
Page 155 1. Past tense of to decide ___decided___ 2. Present tense of to choose _choose, chooses__