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GSM Architecture
Submitted by (1110046)

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GSM Various subsystems

1. Network Subsystem includes the equipments and functions related to end-to-end call.
2. Radio Subsystem includes the equipments and functions related to the management of the connections on the radio path.

3. Operations and Maintenance subsystem includes the operation and maintenance of GSM equipment for the radio and network interface.

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Network Architecture
OSS
HLR

(
PSTN ISDN

B T S B T S

BSC BSC

MSC VLR

Data Networks

B T S

Air interface

MSC VLR

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GSM Network Structure

GSM Service Area PLMN Service Area MSC Service Area Location Area Cells

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GSM PLMN Service Area

II MSC MSC VLR II I IV II MSC VLR

MSC

VLR

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GSM Functions of Mobile Station

Voice and data transmission Frequency and time synchronization Monitoring of power and signal quality of the surrounding cells Provision of location updates even during inactive state Equalization of multi path distortions

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GSM Mobile Station Portable, vehicle mounted, hand held MS identified by unique IMEI Shall display at least last ten received, dialled and missed calls Minimum talk time of 1hr 30 min. and standby time of 80 hrs 160 characters long SMS

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GSM SIM Card SIM Module Unique Subscribers ID IMSI and ISDN PIN Key Ki, Kc and A3,A5 and A8 algorithms SIM has CPU, ROM, RAM and EPROM

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GSM Mobile Identification Numbers

IMEI MSISDN IMSI TMSI MSRN

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GSM IMSI

International mobile subscribers Identity The IMSI is an unique identity which is used internationally and used within the network to identify the mobile subscribers. The IMSI is stored on the subscriber identity module (SIM), the HLR, VLR and AC database.

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GSM IMEI

International Mobile Equipment Identity The IMEI is an unique code allocated to each mobile equipment. It is checked in the EIR. IMEI check White List Grey List Black List

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RADIO SUB SYSTEM (RSS)

MSC/VLR

BSC

BSC BSC

RSS
n BTS

n BTS

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GSM

FUNCTION OF BTS -I
Encodes, encrypts, multiplexes, modulates and feeds the RF signals to the antenna Transcoding and rate adaption Functionality Time and frequency synchronisation signals transmission. 11 power classes from .01 watts (Micro cell) to 320 watts (Umbrella cell)

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GSM

FUNCTION OF BTS -II

Frequency hopping
Random access detection Uplink radio channel measurements BTS mainly consists of a set of transceivers (TRX). Can accommodate 1 to 7 TRX per Sector

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GSM

FUNCTIONS OF BSC-I
It is connected to BTS and offloads MSC Radio resource management Inter-cell handover Reallocation of frequencies Power control

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GSM

FUNCTIONS OF BSC-II
Time delay measurement of the received signals from MS with respect to BTS clock. Performs traffic concentration to reduce the number of lines from BSC to MSC. Provide interface TCP/IP X.25 to the OMS

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GSM MSC-BSS Configurations

Multi - cell site (sector Cells Configuration -5 A BTS A BSS Single - cell site Configuration -1 BTS BTS BTS Many single cell sites

MSC

BSS

A-bis BSC A-bis

BTS

BTS

MCC: Mobile Switching Centre

Configuration -6

BTS

Multi - cell site = multi--BTS site

BSS: Base Station System

BSC: Base Station Controller BTS: Base Transceiver Station

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Network and Switching Subsystem (NSS)

SS7 Signalling Traffic Path
VLR D
C HLR E EIR A AUC Other MSC

MSC

(PSTN) (BSS)

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GSM

MSC ( MOBILE SWITCHING CENTRE)

Manages communication between GSM & other network Call setup functions, basic switching are done MSC takes into account the RR allocation in addition to normal exchange functions MSC does gateway function while its customers roams to other network by using HLR /VLR

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GSM MSC Functions - I

Paging, specifically call handling Location updation Handover management Billing for all subscribers based in its area Reallocation of frequencies to BTSs in its area to meet heavy demands

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GSM MSC Functions - II

Echo canceller operation control
Signaling interface to databases like HLR, VLR. Gateway to SMS between SMS centers and subscribers

Handle interworking function while working as GMSC

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GSM
VISITOR LOCATION REGISTER (VLR)-I
It controls those mobiles roaming in its area.
VLR reduces the number of queries to HLR

One VLR may be incharge of one or more LA.

VLR is updated by HLR on entry of MS its area. VLR assigns TMSI which keeps on changing.

IMSI detach and attach operation

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GSM

Data in VLR
IMSI & TMSI MSISDN MSRN. Location Area Supplementary service parameters MS category Authentication Key

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GSM

Home Location Register(HLR)-I

Reference store for subscribers parameters, numbers, authentication & Encryption values.

Current subscriber status and associated VLR.

Both VLR and HLR can be implemented in the same equipment in an MSC. one PLMN may contain one or several HLR.

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GSM
Home Location Register(HLR)-II
Permanent data in HLR
Data stored is changed only by man-machine. IMSI, MS-ISDN number. Category of MS ( whether pay phone or not )

Roaming restriction ( allowed or not ).

Supplementary services like call forwarding

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GSM
Home Location Register(HLR)-III
Temporary data in HLR
The data changes from call to call & is dynamic MSRN RAND /SRES and Kc

VLR address , MSC address.

Messages waiting data used for SMS

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the

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Services Mobile network& Applications

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Wireless World - theres something for everyone

Young people Middle aged Sports Other news Financial/ Stock news MTV Jokes

Mobile internet

Grocery

Financial community/trad er

Banking data Customer data

Prepaid, messaging

Anybody else

Company data

Gambling

Traveling sales/business man

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Services already available in network

UMS (Unified Messaging Services ) (e-mail/VMS/Fax)
SMS (Short Message Services) WAP (Wireless Application Protocol)

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New Services on Mobile

Multi Media Messaging Services Location Based Services Corporate LAN access Video Streaming Profile based services like friend finder m-Commerce Telemetery

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Messaging Service applications

Ringtones and Images over SMS, EMS Games over SMS for single, multi player and as a team

Gaming servers handling SMS, WAP and Java games

MMS applications for Imaging and Melodies Java applications on handsets

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Applications Evolution user perspective

Movies Videoclips
Photos Pictures

Streaming

Text

MMS

EMS SMS

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Tariff Structures
Service Level Based Time Based Customer segmentation required Flat Fee

Transaction Based

Straight Usage (Volume)

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GPRS

35

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Wireless data communication

Key Technologies - GPRS

Higher data transfer speeds Multislot MS and coding schemes

Packet switched technology

Radio interface (resource sharing) Core Network (IP based)

Reused radio network (BTS and BSC)

New core network and nodes (SGSN/GGSN) Always connected - always on-line

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Connecting GPRS Nodes
MSC/VLR

HLR

SMS GW-MSC

Corporate

BTS BSC

Gs

Gr SS7

Gd

External IP network

BTS

Gi Network

IP Network
BTS BSC

Router

Frame Relay Gb Network

(shared backbone) Gn
Firewall

Gi Network

Firewall

BTS
Firewall

Router
External IP network Network Management and GPRS Services LAN

Gp
Other PLMNs

ISP/Internet

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Serving GPRS Support Node SGSN

Ciphering, authentication Mobility management Session management Logical link management towards the MS Charging data Packet routing & transfer Connection - HLR, MSC, BSC and SMS-MSC
IP Network
Gi (IP)

SGSN

Gn

GGSN

MS

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Gateway GPRS Support Node GGSN

External interfaces (Mobile IP applications, Internet/Intranets) Access functionality

Traditional gateway functionality

Subscriber addresses publish Routing Charging data
Gi (IP)

IP Network

GGSN

MS

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Multimedia Messaging Overview

40

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WHAT IS MMS?

Person

Person

Content

Person

Operator

Operator

Personal Communication
Sending photos Greetings Mobile postcards Voice messages Exchanging icons,

Information
News Sports Weather Stock updates Travel

Entertainment
Music Quiz shows Comic strips Cartoons

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Multimedia Messaging - Any combination of media types

Music Images

Graphics Video and Audio

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rich content to encourage usage

Cartoons, Dating, Pop stars, Sports stars, Pets, Special occasions, Hobbies, Sports results, TV programmes, News, Weather, Holidays, Timetables, Family...

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Content & Application

Fun: Cartoon of the day, Cocktail recipes, Daily Horoscope,
Games: Puzzles & Riddles, Cutenclever, Friends, PopQuiz, Photo & Film: PhotoGallery, Mobile Greeting Card, Chat & date: Mobile Chat, Love Horoscope, Love Matcher Music: Karaoke, Fan Packages, Hit Lists, Music News

value added services The Greeting Card solution:

Send Messages to your friends, family and loved ones: - Via the web to the mobile phone Ease of use self instructing -Drag n drop Animations, Sounds, Pictures & Text

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Infra Soul Mobile Spirituality

Features : Product delivers Bhagavad-Gita /Quran /Bible verse as MMS MMS Bhagavad-Gita /Quran /Bible verse contains calligraphic image, melody reading out the verse, with the meaning and necessary text supporting it One time subscriber registration through the web

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Content Based Conversion example

Different processing for text and drawing
Naive Transcoding

Optimal Adaptation
Maintain Text

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Mobile Applications

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Location Based Applications

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Location Based Services

Positioning application Where am I Yellow Pages Tracking Fleet management Brand Finder

Geo Coding, Content, Application Integration

Positioning methods: Cell/Sector , Time of Arrival -- Network Based AGPS Terminal Based EOTD

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Horizontal accuracy of location technologies

Technolog y Rural Rural Extreme Suburb an Suburban extreme Urban Urban extrem e Indoor User Comments

Cell ID

1-35 km

1-100 Km

1-10 km

1-10 km

50m1km

50m1km

No change unless there is a micro/ picocell

Cell shape and possibility of incorrect sector decides accuracy

Radial distance can be improved for range of 500m, incorrect sector may give possibility of error Mobile needs to see at least 3 base station or unavailable if 3 BTS are not available

Cell ID and Timing Advance

1-35 km

1-100 Km

1-10 km

1-10 km

50m1km

50m1km

No change unless there is a micro/ picocell

EOTD

50m150m

50-150m

50150m

100-250m

50150m

100300m

Slight degradation

GPS 10m 10m 20m 50-150m 30100m 50100m

In-building coverage by windows but not deep inside

Urban canyon effect

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Traffic Information
APPLICATION OVERVIEW

This service both collects and distributes traffic information. Traffic information is very important need for city dwellers. Systems can estimate traffic information by sampling mobiles in automobiles on freeways anonymously to determine average velocity of vehicles. If this is not possible in locataion more static information can be collected from city authorities. All this information is mapped and sent to mobile users who request it. Stickiness : Daily traffic info. pushed during rush hours via SMS/MMS Most people need to know the current traffic sitution on their route. Hosting: Operator / ISP WAP/Web/MMS/SMS:

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Positioning based information, advertisements...

Telecom & backhand IT infrastructure makes it possible!

All Trademarks and Registered Trademarks are of respective holders

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Telemetery

Use of Computers in combination with telecommunication systems Positioning system and wireless link to deliver two way information

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Application examples of telemetry

Convergence put to use !

Billboard Download advertisement messages

Remote management storage tanks irrigation systems

Vending Machines

All Trademarks and Registered Trademarks are of respective holders

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Vertical applications
Its all about Imagination...

Operations

Automation

Dispatch Vending operations machines interconnected: Lottery Taxi machines Field services Parcel Automatic ticket services machines Emergency services

M2M Services
Alarm & supervision Point of sales Telemetry Financial services

M2M Vehicle
Vehicle tracking Electronic maps Traffic telematics Car tolls

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Help! Im almost out of coke bottles. I dont need wires to connect anymore

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Who are your customers?

age/status? attitude?
culture? interests? financial situation? location?

time? behaviour/mood?

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THANKS