Cloud Computing Moving to Public

Hussein Alyami

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What is Cloud Computing?

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In the years ahead, more and more of the information-processing tasks that we rely on, at home and at work, will be handled by big data centers located out on the Internet. The nature and economics of computing will change as dramatically as the nature and economics of mechanical power changed with the rise of electric utilities in the early years of the last century. The consequences for societyfor the way we live, work, learn, communicate, entertain ourselves, and even thinkpromise to be equally profound. If the electric dynamo was the machine that fashioned twentieth century societythat made us who we arethe information dynamo is the machine that will fashion the new society of the twenty-first century.

Nicholas Carr The Big SwitchRewiring the World from Edison to Google

Future of Computing

Cloud
Disruptor: Virtualization Web Client Server Minicomputer Mainframe
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

Next Inflection Point

WHAT IS CLOUD COMPUTING?

IT resources and services that are abstracted from the underlying infrastructure and provided on-demand and at scale in a multi-tenant environment

Today, clouds are associated with an off-premise, hosted model

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Samples of cloud services

http://blogs.southworks.net/mwoloski/2008/08/19/cloud-computing-taxonomy-map/, August 19, 2008

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Public vs Private

Public vs Private Cloud

Public Clouds Often depicted as being available to users from a third party provider, "public" clouds are typically made available via the Internet and may be free or inexpensive to use. There are many examples of these types of clouds, providing services across open, public networks today. One example is Amazon Web Services.
Greater risks in terms of security, resiliency, transparency and performance predictability (at least in the near term). Key benefit: tremendous elasticity

Private Clouds "Private" clouds offer many of the same benefits as "public" clouds but are managed within the organization. These types of clouds are not burdened by network bandwidth and availability issues or potential security exposures that may be associated with public clouds. Private clouds can offer the provider and user greater control, security and resilience.
Less risk security, resiliency, infrastructure and support processes will not differ significantly from current environment. Better cost effectiveness and agility Move to SLA based service delivery Lower elasticity compared to external clouds

Cloud Definition from NIST

Visual Model of NISTs Working Definition of Cloud Computing

Essential Characteristics

Measured Service

Rapid Elasticity

On-Demand Self Service

Broad Network Access

Resource Pooling

Service Models

Software as a Service (SaaS)

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

Infrastucture as a Service (IaaS)

Deployment Models

Public

Private

Hybrid

Community

http://www.csrc.nist.gov/groups/SNS/cloud-computing/index.html
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Service Model Architectures (from NIST)

Cloud Infrastructure Cloud Infrastructure PaaS SaaS SaaS Cloud Infrastructure IaaS PaaS SaaS

Software as a Service ( SaaS) Architectures

Cloud Infrastructure PaaS

Cloud Infrastructure IaaS PaaS

Platform as a Service ( PaaS) Architectures

Cloud Infrastructure IaaS

Infrastructure as a Service ( IaaS) Architectures

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Cloud Layers
Flexible Infrastructure Compute, storage, and other established services on-demand Virtual Private Datacenter Compatible with existing applications Examples include: Amazon EC2 - Elastic Compute Cloud Mosso, GoGrid (HSPs)

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Cloud Layers
Abstract Services Wide range of capabilities exposed to the developer through new APIs Also known as PaaS Solutions Generally Targeted Examples include: Google App Engine

Amazon S3 - Simple Storage Service

App Frameworks (e.g. Hadoop)

Akamai Content Delivery

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Cloud Layers
Application End user Complete Applications (usually delivered via browser) Also known as SaaS, sometimes extended with APIs (as in PaaS) Examples include: salesforce.com/force.com

WebEx (Connect)
Hotmail

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Evolution of the Cloud Computing Market

From Stand-Alone to The Inter-Cloud
Phase 1 Phase 2
Internal Cloud

Phase 3
Private Cloud

Phase 4
Open Cloud

Virtual Private Cloud Stand-Alone Data Centers

Inter-Cloud Inter-Cloud

Public Cloud

Public Cloud

Public Cloud #1

Public Cloud #2

PRESENT

2015-2017

Federation / Workload Portability / Interoperability / Security

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AWS

Rackspace

Google Apps
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Example of the rise in cloud services

Source: Amazon Web Services Blog, January 2008 (http://aws.typepad.com/aws/2008/05/lots-of-bits.html)

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Relative Bandwidth Consumed

Why should you care?

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Where is ITs Greatest Impact on Government?

Federal CIO Survey Question:
Where will investments in technology have the greatest impact on the performance of government?

Cross-Agency Information Sharing and Collaboration

Source: AFFIRM, December 2008

Information Security and Privacy

Critical Infrastructure Sustainability and Continuity

Government Management

Transparent, Citizen-Centric Government

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How Secure Is Government IT?

Federal CIO Survey Question:
Has the IT infrastructure that supports your agencys mission become more secure or less secure?
More Secure Unchanged Less Secure

Source: AFFIRM, December 2008

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wordle.net
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Policy & Technology are Drivers of Change

PUBLIC POLICY

Energy

Education

Entertainment

Healthcare

Transportation

Urban Development

NETWORK
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What are the pros and cons?

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Benefits of Cloud Computing

BENEFIT Cost Savings COMMENT Organizations can reduce or eliminate IT capital expenditures and reduce ongoing operating expenditures by paying only for the services they use and, potentially, by reducing the size of their IT staffs. Without the need to purchase hardware, software licenses, or implementation services, an organization can implement cloud computing rapidly. Cloud computing offers more flexibility (often called elasticity) in matching IT resources to business functions than past computing methods. It can also increase mobility of staff by allowing them to access business information and applications from a wider range of locations and/or devices. Organizations using cloud computing need not scramble to secure additional hardware and software when user loads increase, but can instead add and subtract capacity as the network load dictates. Particularly for smaller organizations, cloud computing can allow access to hardware, software, and IT staff of a caliber far beyond that which they can attract and/or afford for themselves. By reducing or doing away with constant server updates and other computing issues, and eliminating expenditures of time and money on application development, organizations may be able to concentrate at least some of their IT staff on higher-value tasks. Arguably, the ability to run data centers and to develop and manage software applications is not necessarily a core competency of most organizations. Cloud computing may make it much easier to reduce or shed these functions, allowing organizations to concentrate their efforts on issues central to their business such as (in government) the development of policy and design and delivery of public services. The poor energy efficiency of most existing data centers, due to substandard design or inefficient asset utilization, is now understood to be environmentally and economically unsustainable. Cloud service providers, through leveraging economies of scale and their capacity to managing computing assets more efficiently, can consume far less energy and other resources than traditional data center operators.

Ease of Implementation

Flexibility

Scalability Access to Top-End IT Capabilities Redeployment of IT Staff

Focusing on Core Competencies

Sustainability

Source: IBSG, 2009 Source: IBSG 2009

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Challenges

Source: Cisco IBSG 2009

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Reliability

Rackspace 11-03-09 Microsoft Sidekick 10-11-09 Sales Force 12-28-09, 1-5-09

http://www.marketspaceadvisory.com/cloud/ : Envisioning the Cloud: the Next Computing Paradigm, J Rayport & A.Heyward, 2009
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The Government IT Journey to Cloud Computing

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The Government CIO View:

Why Cloud and Why Now?

FORCES DRIVING AGENCIES TO CLOUD COMPUTING:

1. Make IT more scalable, flexible

2. Deploy services faster 3. Lower the cost of IT (convert capital costs to operating costs)
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Where to start:
Low-Hanging Fruit for Government Cloud Projects
Collaboration & information sharing

Next phase of infrastructure virtualization

Hosting of non-critical applications & non-sensitive data

Development, QA and Test

Projects with large-scale compute and storage demands Security services

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Key to Agency Adoption of Cloud: Trust

Before the Economics of Cloud Computing Can be Considered, Agencies Require a Trusted Service Infrastructure

Security
Service-Level Management

Control Compliance

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Getting Started Simple 5-Track Roadmap

1. Optimize the current IT environment with the goal of providing an internal set of cloud services and enabling the incorporation of external services. This will be the services roadmap. Identify cloud services opportunities based on business needs, value proposition, and the ability to adopt/support those services. This will be the services portfolio.

2.

3.

Communicate with the BUs about cloud services and the roadmap and process for incorporating them into the architecture, whether the services are internal or external. This will be the communication plan.
Experiment with and pilot various services, both internal and external, to identify where the real issues will arise. This will be the lab. Designate a cross-functional team to monitor continually which new services, providers, and standards are in this space and determine if they affect the roadmap. This will be the sensing and strategyevolution function.

4. 5.

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Q&A

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Cloud Services
We believe that Cloud Services are in their infancy and will offer significantly greater flexibility, reliability and cost effectiveness in the future, although many hurdles will need to be overcome.

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