GROUP MEMBER

Ahmad Giffar Danto P. (1010313065) Amanda Besta Rizaldy(1010313119) Fido Arief (1010312026) Fitria Novita (1010312110) Inez Amelinda (1010313029) Karolin Trisnawelda (1010312054) Mulfa Satria Asnel (1010313109) Raysa Ramayumi (1010311023) Wiwie Bakti Kemampa (1010312082) Yelsa Yulanda Putri (1010313111)

LEARNING OBJECTS
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Students are able to explain the role of genes in inheritance Students are able to explain structure and the changes of chromosome Students are able to explain process of fertilization Students are able to explain a kind of gene and chromosome mutation Students are able to explain basis of gene therapy

learning objects
Students are able to explain Mendels theory 7. Students are able to explain genetic analysis 8. Students are able to explain genetic diseases 9. Students are able to explain the embryology 10. Students are able to explain the role of genetics in medicine
6.

EXPLANATION

1. Students are able to explain the role of genes in inheritance

Genes are the substance of heredity that contains genetic information,composed of nucleic acids,located at chromosome Functions of gene: a. Regulate cell growth and metabolism b. Inheritance characteristics c. Mitotik (adaptation) such as mutation and evolution, etc.

2. Students are able to explain

structure and the changes of chromosome

Chromosome structure:

chromatids: the duplicated chromosome arm, often also known as kromonema Kromomer: beady, formed during interphase, there are protein molecules that contain DNA Centromere: the indentation on the chromosome where the attachment of spindle yarn (kinetokor), narrow and clear Satellite: a round at the end of the chromatid arms, not all the chromosomes have a satellite Telomeres: the end of the chromosome region

3. Students are able to explain

process of fertilization
At first entrance 300 million sperm, and many died due to sterile (20%) and acidity of the vagina (80%), and the rest only 300 sperm. Of the 300 is capable of living only 1 who experienced capacitation for 7 hours.

process of fertilization
Then the acrosome reaction occurs, remove the enzyme hyaluronidase to penetrate the corona radiata.Together with enzymes trypsin and lysine damage the zona pellucida. And it came to combining the ovum with the sperm.

4. Students are able to explain a kind of gene and chromosome mutation

Gene Mutation Gene mutations occurred due to changes in base composition of DNA.
Chromosome Mutation Can occur in the form: abnormalities of chromosome number Abnormalities of chromosome structure

Abnormalities of chromosome number

Poliploidi (euploidi) a change in the entire chromosome, given the suffix ploidi. Ex: monoploid (n), diploid (2n)

Aneuploidy, chromosomal changes occur in part only, given the suffix somi. Ex: nulisomi (2n-2), monosomi (2n-1), disomi (2n),

Abnormalities of chromosome structure

Deletions. Arm missing some chromosomes, eg Syndrome Cri-Du-Chat, 46 XX / XY-5P

Duplication. Chromosome arm growing longer Inversion. Happen to move from the order of genes in chromosome Translocation. Most chromosomes move to the other chromosomes 46 XX / XY t (21 -14/15)

5. Students are able to explain basis of gene therapy

Gene therapy is a technique for correcting defective genes responsible for a disease For example, to prevent death by cancer

The technique of therapy gene:

Immuno Therapy
Using cells from genetically modified viral particles to stimulate the body's immune system so as to defeat the malignancy of cancer cells

VIRO ONKOLITIK
Using cell virus particles that replicate within cancer cells and cause cancer cells to die.

Therapy Gene

GENE TRANSFER
This technique is relatively new, a way to introduce 2 new genes are inserted into cancer cells or tissue around the cancer so it can stop the growth and destroy cancer cells

6. Students are able to explain Mendels theory

Mendel is known as the father of genetics. Mendel in this conduct experiments on pea plants because he is easy to pollinate

The conclusion is :

each individual contain gametes from parental the process of gamete formation (segregation-free) hk I Mendel

fertilization process (asortasi) hk Mendel II

7.Students are able to explain genetic analysis

Genetic analysis : Morphology Chromosomes: karyotipe needed, use the leukocyte because it has a core Isozyme DNA

Genetic analysis of fetal

Amniocentesis: the week of 4-16, by inserting a needle into the uterus and took approximately 10 mm in amniotic fluid. Sampling chorionic virus: the week of 810, suck a little fetal tissue from the placenta. Ultra sound: using sound waves to produce pictures of fetuses without putting something

analysis Of fetal

Fetoskopi: needle-thin tube containing a viewing lens and optical bulkhead is inserted into the uterus for anatomical examination

8.Students are able to explain genetic diseases

a. Hemofilli b. Color-blind c. Diabetes mellitus d. Thalassemia e. Albinism f. Polydactile g. Cancer h. Huntingthon i. Tay Sachs j. Cystic Fibrosis, etc.

9.Students are able to explain the embryology

embryology mechanism : Fertilization Cleavage
Morula Blastula Gastrula

differentiation
Ectoderm Mesoderm Endoderm

10.Students are able to explain the role of genetics in medicine

identification of mutated gene improve the human genetic disorder create insulin injections for people with diabetes mellitus use of nucleic acid antisena to prevent the spread of cancer To create vaccines creating a useful drug in the form of protein drugs

gene cloning of genes in diseases such as hemofili, phenylketonuria, cystic fibrosis and Duchenne muscular dystrophy discovery that led to the diagnosis and treatment

Learning
Role of gene Structure chromosome
Process fertilitation

Heredity
Mendels Theory
Theory I Theory II

Mutation
Hereditary disease

process embriology

Theraphy genetic

Analysis genetic

THATS ALL THANK YOU