Line Differential Protection IED RED670

Substation Automation Products Training
REL 670 Line Distance Protection IED
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2005
2006-03-30
Contents

Application Main features User Friendly Packages Functions Benefits
2006-03-30
Line Differential Protection: RED670
Application Areas
Multi-terminal lines with communication to 4 remote line ends Multi-terminal lines with transformers in the protected zone Tapped lines

Tapped lines with transformers

Short lines Long lines with charging current compensation
2006-03-30
Features: RED670
Line differential terminal for:

All voltage levels OH-lines

Cables
Double circuit lines Series compensated lines Single and two pole tripping Optional protection functions Digital communication between line ends Route switched communication networks Easy upgrading from 2 terminal to tapped line protection
2006-03-30
RED670 User Friendly Package

IED with a pre-selected set of functions: configured First Alternative: Single-Breaker application
Functionality for all over-head and cable lines: The user can order this version and apply it directly
Three-pole or single/three pole trip
Second Alternative: Multi-Breaker application
Functionality for all over-head and cable lines: The user can order this version and apply it directly Breaker related functions for each breaker
Three-pole or single/three pole trip
2006-03-30
RED670 User Friendly Package: Single breaker
Line differential function
Over-/Undervoltage protection
Main function of the IED clearing all shunt faults
Often required equipment protection
Phase overcurrent protection
Simple back-up short circuit protection
Residual overvoltage protection
Residual overcurrent protection
Simple and sensitive earth fault protection Limitation of consequences of unsymmetric breaker function Best redundancy at communication failure
Pole Discordance protection
Simple back-up earth fault protection
Breaker failure protection
Distance Protection (option)
Essential in a local redundant fault clearance system
2006-03-30
RED670 User Friendly Package: Single breaker
Fuse Failure detection
Power Swing Blocking (option) Disturbance recording

Necessary to avoid protection malfunction (voltage related) Enables choice of trip possibilities, 1 or 3 pole trip at single phase faults Standard functionality to increase network availability To avoid dangerous breaker closing
Trip logic
Essential for analysis of disturbances Primary fault classification Check of fault clearance

Autoreclosing
Fault clearance time Selectivity Over/Under function
Synchrocheck
2006-03-30
RED670 User Friendly Package: Multi-breaker
Same as single breaker with addition: STUB Protection
Auotoreclosing for two breakers
Sequential
Fault clearance of faulted 1 breaker diagonal, when line out
Synchrocheck for two breakers Pole discordance for two breakers Trip logic for two breakers
Breaker Failure protection for two breakers
Necessary for power system security
2006-03-30
Line Protection: Distance/Differential prot.
Distance Protection

Differential Protection

Local measurements of voltage and current Enables remote back-up protection Communication not primarily needed
Instantaneous fault clearance Absolute selectivity Best for Multi-terminal lines High sensitivity Not sensitive for power swing
Great Flexibility
Independent of IED at the other line end
Suitable for series compensated systems

Suitable for protection of short lines Easy to set
2006-03-30
RED670: Differential and Distance protection

Differential Protection: Dependent of communication Distance protection in RED670: Selective back-up protection if the communication is unavailable The distance protection will also serve as protection (main protection or back-up protection) for the adjacent busbar.
10
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Simple line differential protection application

Protected zone
RED 670
Comm. Channel
RED 670
Application as REL 551 and REL 561
11
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Three ended line application
Protected zone
RED 670
RED 670
RED 670
Communication
Fault current can be fed from all line ends

12
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Five end line application

Protected zone
RED 670
RED 670
Communication
RED 670 RED 670 RED 670
Fault current can be fed from all line ends

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CT connection to the protection

External current summation Internal current summation
Prot. IED
Prot. IED
Internal summation:
Improved stability of the differential protection Enables the integration of some breaker related functions RED670 has internal summation
14
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1 breaker switchyard application

Protected zone
RED 670
RED 670
RED 670
Communication
No external current summation

15
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Application with power transformer in the protected zone

Protected zone
RED 670
RED 670
RED 670
Communication
Considered phenomena:

Phase shift of the current through the transformer at different vector groups The inability of many transformers to transform zero sequence currents The inrush current, appearing at the energization of a transformer, will be detected as a differential current it the transformer is within the protected zone Deviation of tap changer position will cause false differential current to the protection, if not compensated for
16
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Application with power transformer in the protected zone
Protected zone
RED 670
RED 670
Communication
Often required application

17
2006-03-30
Application with one delayed function

Protected zone instantaneous function
RED 670
Comm. Channel
RED 670
Protected zone delayed function
Enables selectivity to other protection IEDs

18
2006-03-30
Differential protection function

Main biased differential current function Complementary functions
Negative sequence fault discriminator

2nd harmonic restrain 5th harmonic restrain
19
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Fundamental frequency current phasors

I1 I2
RED 670
RED 670
RED 670
I3
Differential and bias currents in phase L1:

I DiffL1 I1L1 I2 L1 I3L1
I Bias max( I 1L1 , I 1L 2 , I 1L3 , I 2 L1 , I 2 L 2 , I 2 L3 , I 3 L1 , I 3 L 2 , I 3 L3 )
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Biased Differential Protection Characteristic

Idiff Unrestrain
SlopeSection3
Operation
SlopeSection2
Restrain
Idmin
EndSection1 Section 1 Section 2
EndSection2
Ibias
Section 3
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Negative sequence current
Negative sequence currents will occur during all types of faults, also for a transient period during three phase short circuits The fault point will serve as a source for negative sequence current Negative sequence current can be seen as normal phase currents but with reverse phase rotation In normal operation, under balance conditions, the negative sequence current components are zero
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Negative Sequence Source at Fault Point

Internal Fault
Protected zone Fault Point
RED 670
Communication I-
RED 670
External Fault
Protected zone Fault Point
RED 670 RED 670
Communication
IABB Power Technologies AB, 2005
23
2006-03-30
Negative Sequence Current Fault Discriminator

I- Remote 1 I- Local
RED 670
I- Remote = I- Remote 1 + I- Remote 2
RED 670
Studied Terminal
90 120 60
RED 670
I- Remote 2
150 30
If the two currents flow in the same direction, the fault is internal.
If the two currents flow in opposite directions, the fault is external.
Minimum Operation I-
External Fault Zone 180
Internal Fault Zone ROA
Local I- : Reference 210
330
240 270
300
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Transformer Inrush Current

current in pu
10.0 phase L3 current
5.0
iL1 iL2 iL3

-5.0 0.0
CB closes
phase L1 current
20
40
60
80
100
time in ms
If Transformer in the zone: Inrush Current: Differential Current

Detection: 2nd Harmonic and 5th Harmonic

As in normal transformer differential protection
25 2006-03-30 Substation Automation Products Training
Transformer Overexcitation
If Transformer in the zone: Overexcitation: Differential Current Detection: 5th Harmonic

As in normal transformer differential protection
26
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Current Transformer Saturation
Primary Current
Secondary Current
High Degree of Harmonics (2nd and 5th)
27
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Functional Logic
Negative Sequence Fault Discriminator: Internal Fault

2nd and 5threstrain function are overridden The biased differential function operates without delay (start) Exception: Inrush current of transformer in the protected zone: Special logic will detect this 2nd and 5th harmonic restrain is active, with cross blocking function. This means that harmonics also in non-faulted phase will block the function. Temporarily (as long as external fault is declared plus 100 ms) the limit of differential current for operation will be increased to the value of IdminHigh.
Negative Sequence Fault Discriminator: External Fault

Negative Sequence Fault Discriminator: No Operation
Normal differential protection function with 2nd and 5th harmonic restrain
28
2006-03-30
Temporary characteristic at external fault detection

Idiff Unrestrain
SlopeSection3
Operation
IdminHigh SlopeSection2 Restrain
Idmin
EndSection1 Section 1 Section 2
EndSection2
Ibias
Section 3
29
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Simplified block diagram
30
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Simplified block diagram

Trip commands Information
CH1IL1RE CH1IL1IM CH1IL2RE CH1IL2IM Currents from all ends as phasors CH1IL1SM CH1IL2SM CH1IL3SM CH2IL1SM Curr. samples from all ends [magnitude] Trip request by unrestrained differential protection
Calculation of fundamental Magnitudes of frequency differential differential currents currents (3x) & bias current
Bias current
Differential and bias currents applied to operate / bias-, and unrestrained characteristics
>= 1
Start L1 Start L2 Start L2
TRIP
Output logic:
- 2nd harmonic block, - 5th harmonic block, -Cross-block logic - Enhanced trip for internal faults, - Blocked trip for external faults - Trip allowed for external and simultaneous internal faults - Conditional extra delay for trip signals
TRL1 TRL2 TRL3 TRIP RES TRIP UNRE TRNS UNRE TRNSSE NS START STL1 STL2 STL3 BLK2H BLK2HL1 BLK2HL2 BLK2HL3 BLK5H BLK5HL1 BLK5HL2 BLK5HL3 INTFAULT E XTFAULT
[samples]
Calculation of instantaneous differential currents (3x)
Instantaneous differential currents (samples)
Harmonic analysis (the 2nd, and the 5th),
2nd h. block
5th h. block CH1INSRE CH1INSIM CH1INSRE CH1INSIM

[real, imag]
Neg. seq. currents from all ends as phasors
Calculation of negativesequence differential current (1x)
Two to six contributions to neg. seq. differential current as phasors
Disturbance detected with high sensitivity and characterized as internal or external
Internal fault External fault
31
2006-03-30
Charging Current
Ic1
Idiff,false = Ic1 + Ic2
Ic2
RED 670
Communication
RED 670
32
2006-03-30
Charging Current Compensation

Continuous estimation of differential current at no-fault condition: Charging current
Pre-fault charging current estimation kept during faults

Subtraction of the false pre-fault differential currents
At low resistance faults the fault current is large: dominating over the charging current: Error in the charging current compensation has minor influence At high resistive faults the voltage is maintained and the charging current is close to the non-faulted case
33
2006-03-30
Time synchronization
90deg
Time coordination error 1 ms
360 o 18 o ms 20 ms
34
2006-03-30
Time synchronizing with the echo method

T2 T3
A B T1
T4
Time delay:
(T2 T1 ) (T4 T3 ) Td 2
(T1 T4 ) (T2 T3 ) t 2
Clock difference:
Provided that send and receive delay times are equal
35
2006-03-30
Route switched networks with delay symmetry
The echo method allows for route switching with equal delay times for send and receive
Maximum transmission time Td < 40 ms

Route switched network without delay symmetry

GPS system required for set up GPS loss tolerated with:

Free-wheeling IED clocks Fall back to the echo method
D GPS clock GPS clock
GPS clock
A B
Maximum transmission time Td < 40 ms

GPS clock
Communication principle
5-terminal line with master-master system

Protected zone
RED 670
RED 670
Comm. Channels
RED 670
RED 670
RED 670
38
2006-03-30
Communication principle
5-terminal line with master-slave system

Protected zone
RED 670
RED 670
Comm. Channels
RED 670 RED 670 RED 670
39
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Communication of current sampled values
Current sample telegram sent
10
15
20
25
30
35
Time (ms)
Current sampling moment
40
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Communication of current sampled values at fault

Current sample telegram sent Current sample telegram sent Current sample telegram sent Current sample telegram sent Current sample telegram sent Current sample telegram sent Current sample telegram sent Current sample telegram sent
10
15
20
25
30
35
Time (ms)
Current collection time
Current sampling moment
Fault current measured
Fault occurs
41
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Communication of binary signals
In each telegram there are eight binary signals freely configurable by the user in CAP configuration. These signals can be used for any purpose.
42
2006-03-30
Communication hardware solutions
LDCM with direct fiber (multi mode)
Max 3 km with LDCM
43
2006-03-30
Communication hardware solutions LDCM with an external optical to galvanic converter and a multiplexer
Multiplexer
Telecom. Network
Multiplexer
*)
*)
*) Converting optical to galvanic G.703 or V.35 alternatively
44
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Communication hardware solutions LDCM with an external optical to optical converter for direct connection to a telecommunications network
G.703.E1
Telecom. Network
G.703.E1
64kbit/s
64kbit/s
45
2006-03-30
Redundant communication channels

2-terminal line with single breaker connected to route switched network via multiplexer, redundant channels
Telecom. Network
Telecom. Network
Primary channel Secondary redundant channel

With redundant channels the primary channel normally is in operation. If the primary channel becomes faulty the operation is switched over to the redundant channel. If the primary is OK again it will take over the operation after a time delay.
46
2006-03-30
RED Single-Breaker application

Trip Bus
REL670
79 1/3ph Start O->I 86/94 I->O 50BF 3I>BF 21 Z<
25/27 SC/VC 52PD PD
REL670
68 ZPSB 51/67N
I
60 FF
DR
87L 3Id/I>
Cont Interl
47 2006-03-30
59N UN
27 3U<
59 3U>
81U f<
81O f>
To Remote end
RED 670 Double-Breaker application

L2 L2
REL670
REL670
79 1/3ph Start O->I 86/94 I->O 79 1/3ph Start O->I 86/94 I->O 21 Z<
25/27 SC/VC 52PD PD 52PD PD
25/27 SC/VC 50BF 3I>BF
S 50BF
3I>BF
68 ZPSB
51N/67N
IN>
4 4 4
60 FF
DR
Cont Interl
59N UN 27 3U< 59 3U> 81U f< 81O f> 87L 3Id/I>
48
2006-03-30
To Remote end
RED 670 Multi-Breaker application

Trip Bus 79 1/3ph Start O->I 25/27 SC/VC 50BF 3I>BF MainB 52PD PD
86/94 I->O 50ST 3I>ST 21 Z<

REL670
68 ZPSB 51/67N
I
REL670
Start
79 1/3ph O->I
25/27 SC/VC MainB 50BF 3I>BF 52PD PD
60 FF
DR
86/94 I->O 87L 3Id/I>
Cont Interl
59N UN
27 3U<
59 3U>
81U f<
81O f>
To Remote end
49
2006-03-30
RED 670 Multi-Breaker application w. Tee

Trip Bus 79 1/3ph Start O->I 25/27 SC/VC 50BF 3I>BF MainB MainB 52PD PD
86/94 I->O 50ST 3I>ST 21 Z<

REL670
68 ZPSB 51/67N
I
REL670
Start
79 1/3ph O->I
25/27 SC/VC MainB 50BF 3I>BF 52PD PD
60 FF
DR
86/94 I->O
Cont Interl
59N UN
27 3U<
59 3U>
81U f<
81O f>
87Tee 3Id> OCT 87L 3Id/I>
To Remote end

Line Differential Protection IED RED670

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Line Differential Protection IED RED670

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Substation Automation Products Training

REL 670 Line Distance Protection IED

ABB Power Technologies AB, 2005

Substation Automation Products Training

Application Main features User Friendly Packages Functions Benefits

ABB Power Technologies AB, 2005

Substation Automation Products Training

Line Differential Protection: RED670

Tapped lines with transformers

Substation Automation Products Training

Line differential terminal for:

All voltage levels OH-lines

Substation Automation Products Training

RED670 User Friendly Package

Second Alternative: Multi-Breaker application

ABB Power Technologies AB, 2005

Three-pole or single/three pole trip

Substation Automation Products Training

RED670 User Friendly Package: Single breaker

Line differential function

Main function of the IED clearing all shunt faults

Often required equipment protection

Phase overcurrent protection

Simple back-up short circuit protection

Residual overvoltage protection

Residual overcurrent protection

Pole Discordance protection

Simple back-up earth fault protection

Breaker failure protection

Distance Protection (option)

ABB Power Technologies AB, 2005

Essential in a local redundant fault clearance system

Substation Automation Products Training

RED670 User Friendly Package: Single breaker

Fuse Failure detection

Power Swing Blocking (option) Disturbance recording

Fault clearance time Selectivity Over/Under function

ABB Power Technologies AB, 2005

Substation Automation Products Training

RED670 User Friendly Package: Multi-breaker

Same as single breaker with addition: STUB Protection

Auotoreclosing for two breakers

Fault clearance of faulted 1 breaker diagonal, when line out

Breaker Failure protection for two breakers

Necessary for power system security

ABB Power Technologies AB, 2005

Substation Automation Products Training

Line Protection: Distance/Differential prot.

Suitable for series compensated systems

ABB Power Technologies AB, 2005

Substation Automation Products Training

RED670: Differential and Distance protection

ABB Power Technologies AB, 2005

Substation Automation Products Training

Simple line differential protection application

Application as REL 551 and REL 561

ABB Power Technologies AB, 2005

Substation Automation Products Training

Three ended line application

Fault current can be fed from all line ends

Substation Automation Products Training

Five end line application

Fault current can be fed from all line ends

Substation Automation Products Training