DESIGN OF TAPERED SLOT ARRAY FOR ULTRA WIDE BAND ANTENNA APPLICATION

Guided by Dr.Abhai kumar Professor-Department of ECE submitted by S.Srinivasan M.E Communication systems

INTRODUCTION
Ultra-Wide band Technology:
Ultra-Wide band Technology transmits digital data over a wide spectrum of frequency bands with very low power. Ultra wideband radio can carry a huge amount of data over a distance up to 230 feet very low power (less than 0.5 milliwatts). At higher power levels, UWB signals can travel to significantly greater ranges. Ability to carry the signals through door. Its range is about >500MHZ to several GHZ

Applications of UWB Technology:

Radar: which the signal penetrates nearby surfaces but reflects surfaces that are farther away, allowing objects to be detected behind walls or other coverings. Communication Application: Voice and data transmission using digital pulses, allowing a very low powered signal to carry information at very high rates within a restricted range. Positioning Applications: UWB devices can be used to measure both distance and position. UWB positioning systems could provide real time indoor and outdoor precision tracking. Medical Application: Medical Imaging and to monitor the patient moments.

Why UWB?
Compared with other technologies UWB technology allows an unprecedented amount of high-density bandwidth applications, cost-effective, power-efficient.

Characters of UWB Antenna: Small electrical length. Operates for wider bandwidth.

OBJECTIVE
To design tapered slot antenna array . Increased gain. Ultra wide band. Dual slant polarization.

LITERATURE SURVEY
Paper
Time-Domain Design of UWB Vivaldi Antenna Array Using Multiobjective Particle Swarm Optimization

Year

Author Somayyeh Chamaani, Member, IEEE, Mohammad Sadegh Abrishamian, and Seyed Abdullah Mirtaheri

Description A method to obtain optimum tradeoffs between sidelobe level (SLL) and beamwidth (BW) in time domain for ultrawideband (UWB) antenna arrays is presented.

2010

Balanced Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna With Dielectric Director for NearField Microwave Imaging .

2010

Jeremie Bourqui, Member, IEEE, Michal Okoniewski, Fellow, IEEE, and Elise C. Fear, Member, IEEE

A balanced antipodal Vivaldi antenna is designed to be used as a sensor for a microwave breast cancer detection system.

A Single Polarized Triangular Grid Tapered-Slot Array Antenna A Small Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna for Ultrawide-Band Applications

Anders Ellgardt and Andreas Wikstrm 2009

A triangular grid single polarized tapered-slot array antenna for radar applications is studied. A compact antipodal Vivaldi antenna for ultrawide- band (UWB) applications is proposed based on two different substrate.

2008

Aaron Zachary Hood, Student Member, IEEE, Tutku Karacolak, Student Member, IEEE, and Erdem Topsakal, Senior Member, IEEE Marco Chiappe and Gian Luigi Gragnani

Vivaldi Antennas for Microwave Imaging: Theoretical Analysis 2006 and Design Considerations

The geometrical and electrical features of the Vivaldi antenna are studied in the light of the frequency-independent antenna theory.

Dual-Polarized Wideband Widescan Multibeam Antenna 2005 System From Tapered Slotline Elements Array

The progress in the Jacob Remez, Avigdor radiating array design is Segal, and Refael Shansi followed in our paper with feeding structures that feed the radiating array. The final goal is to realize a complete dual-polarized multibeam antenna system with the same capabilitiesof the radiating array.

Study and Design of a Differentially-Fed Tapered 2003 Slot Antenna Array

Vincent F. Fusco, Senior Member, IEEE, and Patnam Hanumantha Rao discription

A traveling-wave subarray is used to generate wide-band dual slant 45 polarization. The antenna exhibits welldefined radiation patterns over a bandwidth of 1.7 to 2.7 GHz

Study and Design of a Differentially-Fed Tapered Slot 2002 Antenna Array

Eloy de Lera Acedo, Student Member, IEEE, Enrique Garcia, Member, IEEE, Vicente Gonzlez-Posad Jos Luis Vzquez-Roy, Rob Maaskant, and Daniel Segovia, Member,IEEE

The results of a parametric study and design of an ultra wideband dual-polarized array of differentially-fed tapered slot antenna elements are presented.

Copolar and CrossPolar Radiation of Vivaldi Antenna on Dielectric Substrate

Benoit Stockbroeckx and Andre Vander Vorst, Fellow, IEEE

2000

The copolar and cross-polar radiation patterns of the Vivaldi antenna on a dielectric substrate are calculated and validated by measurements.

Analysis of the tapered slot antenna

1987

Paper discribes a method for calculating the Janaswamy.,R. radiation pattern of end-fire tapered slot Naval and D. H. antennas with or without dielectric Schaubert substrate is presented. The method Postgraduate involves a two-step procedure: 1) School,Monterey, determine the field distribution of a CA, USA, IEEE traveling wave along the tapered slot, and Trans. Antennas 2) compute the radiation from this slot field Propagat., Vol. by using the half-plane Green's function to AP-35, 1058account for termination effects. Acceptable 1064, 1987. estimates of the slot field usually can be obtained from a stepped approximation to the tapered geometry Gibson, P.J. Philips Research Laboratories, Redhill, Surrey, England. , IEEE Trans ,Microwave Conference, 1979. 9th European This paper discusses about the aperiodic continuously scaled antenna structures and, as such, it has theoretically unlimited instantaneous frequency bandwidth. One such design has been made with approximately 10 dBI gain and 20 dB sidelobe level over an instantaneous frequency bandwidth extending from below 2 GHz to above 40 GHz.

The Vivaldi Aerial 1979

SPECIFICATION
Band width: 8 to 16 GHZ. VSWR: 2:1. Hplane 3dB beamwidth:120. Eplane 3 dB beamwidth:60. Gain:-4.6dB for 8GHZ, .14 dB for 9GHZ,3.5 dB for 9 to 16GHZ.

DESIGN ISSUES
To design a taper slot antenna for wide bandwidth. obtain the dual slant polarization using the taper slot antenna. choose the proper feeding technique. design strip line to slot line transition.

Vivaldi Antenna - Theory

The Vivaldi antenna is a special type of Tapered Slot Antenna with an exponential flare profile. They produce a symmetrical end-fire beam with appreciable gain and low side lobes. An important step in the design of the antenna is to find suitable feeding techniques. Thus to achieve a wider bandwidth The transition from the main input transmission line to the slot line for feeding the antenna. This is designed for a low reflection coefficient to match the potential of the antenna. The curvature of tapered profile has a significant impact on the gain, beamwidth and bandwidth of tapered slot antennas.

Vivaldi Antenna - Design

The microstrip is an unbalanced transmission line while the medium used for feeding the Vivaldi is a slot line which is a balanced medium. The microstrip line is terminated in an open circuit a quarterwave away, while the slot-line is terminated in a short circuit, one quarter-wave away. The effect of this interface ,the energy in the microstrip is fed to the slot line, and propagates to the right.

 The radius of the radial microstrip stub (Rrad) and the diameter of the circular slot stub (Ds) may be approximated by m/4 and s/4, respectively. The m is the effective wavelength of the micro strip and s is the effective wavelength in the slotline

ACTION PLAN
synthesis of dimensions Design of balun M-S transition

Simulation and Validation

Design of exponential taper

Optimization

Simulation and Validation

Deign of exponential taper with taper feed

Simulation and validation

Tolerance study based on fabrication aspects

Release of dimensions for CAD drawing

Layout Model

The layout of the vivaldi antenna was simulated using a FDTD based Simulator (CST microwave Studio)

Simulated Return loss

Return loss

3 D Radiation pattern
Freq 8GHz

Freq 10GHz

3 D Radiation pattern
Freq 12GHz

Freq 14GHz

3 D Radiation pattern
Freq 16GHz

REFERENCES
1. Wide-Band Dual Slant Linearly Polarized Antenna
Vincent F. Fusco, Senior Member, IEEE, and Patnam Hanumantha Rao 2003

2. The design of a dual polarized vivaldi array Microwave

journel 2004 by Adrian T. Sutinjo, Edwin Tung

3. Design of a Compact Tapered Slot Vivaldi Antenna Array for See Through Concrete Wall UWB Applications Yazhou Wang, Aly E. Fathy EECS Department,
University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA 2006 ywang34@utk.edu

4. Parametric study and design of vivaldi antennas and arrays A thesis submitted to the graduate school of natural and
applied sciences of middle east technical university by yakup erdoan 2009.

5. Basic Properties and Design Principles of UWB Antennas By Werner Wiesbeck, Fellow IEEE, Grzegorz Adamiuk,
Student Member IEEE, and Christian Sturm, Student Member IEEE 2009

6. Designing Vivaldi Antenna with Various Sizes using CST Software proceedings of the world congress on engineering 2011
vol ii wce 2011, july 6 - 8, 2011, london, u.k. by NORHAYATI HAMZAH, KAMA AZURA OTHMAN.

Thank you