Electric Battery Powered Cars

Shadrack Kiratu Rushal Rege Jonathan Yu David Zhang

GE WattStation
Is the wait over?

Overview
History Current technologies Advantages Limitations Future developments

History of Electric Cars

First built in 1834 Lost popularity in the 1920s since gasoline was more practical

Renewed interest due to alternative energy

Current Technologies
Two Types of Motors AC DC Two Types of Batteries Lithium Ion GEL Cars currently/soon to be on the market Nissan Leaf, Mini E, Tesla Roadster
Concepts by major manufacturers/small startups Important specifications and statistics to consider are range, top speed, charge time, motor type, and battery type.

AC

DC

Lithium Ion Battery

Nissan Leaf
Mid-size 5 passenger sedan 100 miles per charge Top speed: 90 mph Weight: 3366 lbs Charge time ranges from 7hrs(240V/48A) to 20 hrs(110V/12A)

80 kW AC synchronous motor
24 kWh lithium-ion battery, air cooled

MINI E
2 Passenger Compact Vehicle
156 miles per charge (ideal conditions) Top speed -95mph Weight- 3230 lbs Charge time ranges from 3hrs(240V/48A) to 26.5 hrs(110V/12A) 150 kW AC Synchronous Motor Battery- 30 kWh Lithium ion, air cooled (replaces the back seat)

Tesla Roadster
High-performance two-passenger sports car 245 mile range per charge 0-60 in 3.9 seconds, top speed 135mph Weight - 2700 lbs Charge time 3.5hrs(220V/80A), 32.1hrs(110V/15A) 185 kW AC Synchronous Motor Battery- 56 kWh Lithium ion, air cooled

Advantages of Electric Cars

Mechanical: EVs start far more easily and reliably than gas powered cars and produce less noise

Electric motors require far less maintenance than gasoline engines

Low operating cost despite higher initial cost

Advantages of Electric Cars

Environmental: Electricity can come from renewable sources such as wind, hydro, solar, etc.

EVs waste far less energy through heat loss than do gasoline cars.

Limitations of EV Batteries
Expensive Heavy Slow to recharge Limited range
Lithium Ion Battery used by Tesla Motors GEL Battery (Lead Based Battery)

Limited lifespan

Limitations of EV's in General

Pollution from certain sources of energy such as coal Reduced power output. Decreased functionality. Stations to recharge the batteries need to be built to replace gas stations.

Developing technologies.
Tin-sulfur-lithium-ion battery

New carbon fiber weave technology

Improved regenerative braking

Tin-Sulfur-Lithium Ion Battery

Lithium Sulfide is split into sulfur and lithium ions, releasing electrons Lithium ions migrate through the electrolyte membrane. Lithium takes up electrons and are bound into an alloy by tin. Batteries have a specific energy of 1100 W h/kg as opposed to 350 W h/kg for lithium sulfur battery.

17

Carbon Fiber Technology

Carbon fiber is 30% lighter than aluminium and 50% lighter than steel. Carbon fibre youngs modulus- 234-390 GPa. Steel is about 200. Present application- Formula 1 chassis and actual wheels made out of carbon fiber. Doesnt rust but cant be recycled.
18 Preliminary test show that it could be used to make

Regenerative Braking
Used in conjuction with the manual braking system Kinetic Energy converted to Electrical energy then into Chemical Energy. Energy recovered through regen is about 1025% of that used to power the car.

19

Conclusion

20

Works cited.
Coholan, Kasey. "RECHARGING THE ELECTRIC CAR." Canadian Business 83.18 (2010): 26. Business Source Complete. EBSCO. Web. 22 Nov. 2010. Dumaine, Brian. "CHINA CHARGES into ELECTRIC CARS." Fortune 162.7 (2010): 138-148. Business Source Complete. EBSCO. Web. 22 Nov. 2010. Haldis, Peter, and Jack Peckham. "Faster-Recharge Scheme Unveiled for Electric Cars." Global Refining & Fuels Today 1.83 (2009): 1. Business Source Complete. EBSCO. Web. 22 Nov, 2010. Mraz, Stephen J. "Are hub motors ready for electric cars?." Machine Design 82.13 (2010): 38-41. Business Source Complete. EBSCO. Web. 22 Nov. 2010.

Ohnsman, Alan. "Mapping Out an Electric-Car Future." BusinessWeek.com (2010): 10. Business
Source Complete. EBSCO. Web. 22 Nov. 2010. Welch, David. "Electric Cars: Emission-Free, Not Problem-Free." BusinessWeek Online (2009): 5. Business Source Complete. EBSCO. Web. 22 Nov. 2010.

Yuill, Mathieu. "Electric cars are back." Backbone (2010): 32-34. Business Source Complete. EBSCO. Web. 22 Nov. 2010.