Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Consultation Hours:
TWTh 11:30-2:45
Projectile Motion
Ms. Mikaela Irene Fudolig Physics 71
What is a projectile?
A projectile is any body that is given an initial velocity (may be zero) and then follows a path determined entirely by the effects of gravitational acceleration and air resistance.
This path is called the projectiles trajectory.
Projectile Motion in 2D
Suppose that at any time t, we can find the particle at the point (x(t),y(t))
+y
(x(t),y(t))
+x
Projectile Motion in 2D
Then, its position vector is given by:
+y
r (t ) x(t )i y (t ) j
(x(t),y(t))
+x
Projectile Motion in 2D
Since the i and j components are independent, its velocity vector is given by:
+y
v (t ) vx (t )i vy (t ) j
(x(t),y(t))
+x
Projectile Motion in 2D
So, its acceleration vector is given by:
+y
a(t ) ax (t )i ay (t ) j
(x(t),y(t))
+x
Projectile Motion in 2D
The i and j components, being independent, are obtained separately from two different sets of kinematic equations:
vx v0 x ax t 1 2 x x0 v0 x t ax t 2 vx 2 v0 x 2 2ax x x vx v0 x t 2
v y v0 y a y t 1 2 y y0 v0 y t a y t 2 v y 2 v0 y 2 2a y y y v y v0 y t 2
Projectile Motion in 2D
2D motion can be treated as motion in the x-direction and motion in the y- direction occurring SIMULTANEOUSLY!
Projectile Motion in 2D
Recall: a projectile is only affected by gravity (and air resistance, which we neglect). What is the projectiles acceleration?
m a 9.81 2 j gj s
Projectile Motion in 2D
Therefore:
ax 0 ay g
a=-9.81m/s2
unequally spaced
equally spaced
v0y
v0x
vA0 v0 y j
vB0 v0 xi v0 y j
vA vAxi vAy j
vB vBxi vBy j
y=0
vA t=tA
vB t=tB
y=0
vA t=tA
vB t=tB
vA0 v0 y j vB0 v0 xi v0 y j
|vAy|=|vBy|
y=0
vA t=tA
vB t=tB
vA0 v0 y j
vB0 v0 xi v0 y j
vA vAxi vAy j
vB vBxi vBy j
y=0
vA t=tA
vB t=tB
y=0
vA t=tA
vB t=tB
vA0 v0 y j vB0 v0 xi v0 y j
y=0
vA t=tA
vB t=tB
vAx=0
vBx= v0x>vAx
y=0
vA t=tA
vB t=tB
Conceptual Exercise 1
Ball A, initially 1m above the ground, is thrown downwards with an initial velocity Ball B, initially 1m above the ground, is thrown downwards with an initial velocity
vA0 v0 y j
vB0 v0 xi v0 y j
vA vAxi vAy j
vB vBxi vBy j
Treat motion in the xdirection and motion in the y- direction as INDEPENDENT and SIMULTANEOUS!
Conceptual Exercise 2
Ball A, initially 1m above the ground, is thrown downwards with an initial velocity Ball B, initially 1m above the ground, is thrown upwards with an initial velocity
vA0 v0 y j
vB0 v0 xi v0 y j
vA vAxi vAy j
vB vBxi vBy j
Conceptual Exercise 3
Ball A, initially 1m above the ground, is thrown downwards with an initial velocity Ball B, initially 1m above the ground, is thrown upwards with an initial velocity
vA0 v0 y j
vB0 v0 xi v0 y j
vA vAxi vAy j
vB vBxi vBy j
Conceptual Exercise 4
An object is thrown with an initial speed 1m/s at an angle 30 above the horizontal.
What is the objects speed at the top of its flight?
Treat motion in the xdirection and motion in the y- direction as INDEPENDENT and SIMULTANEOUS!
Prove:
That the trajectory of a projectile moving under the sole influence of gravity is a PARABOLA.
HINT: Show that the y(x) is a parabola.
Numerical Example 1
An object is thrown with a speed 1m/s at an angle 30 above the horizontal.
What is the horizontal component of the initial velocity? What is the vertical component of the initial velocity?
Numerical Example 1
An object is thrown with a speed 1m/s at an angle 30 above the horizontal. If the initial and final elevations are the same:
What is the total time of flight? What is the range of the projectile? What is the maximum height reached by the projectile? Draw the x vs. t, vx vs. t, ax vs. t, y vs. t, vy vs. t, and ay vs. t diagrams.
Numerical example 2
A daring 510-N swimmer dives off a cliff with a running horizontal leap. What must her minimum speed be just as she leaves the top of the cliff so that she will miss the ledge at the bottom, which is 1.75m wide and 9.00m below the top of the cliff?
Numerical Example 3
A ball is thrown at an angle 15 at some height h above the ground. It is observed that the ball landed 30 m away from the building. If it took the ball 5.0s to land on the ground, what is the height h?