Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Evolution
1st generation, 1980s analogue voice 2nd generation 1990s digital Voice, fax data 95% coverage of UK by 1991 3rd generation - within 10 years digital anywhere, anytime, anything
A A F G E D A F G E D B C E D G C
Uplink
EIR
F
VLR
B C E
HLR
To PSTN/ISDN
NMC/ OMC
A
MSC
GMSC
BSC
A bis
BSC
BTS
BTS
MS
MS
MS
MS
N.B. The letters shown on the links are the network interfaces defined in GSM Figure 2 GSM network architecture
MS
Mobility Management (Network Mobility) Needed to deliver Incoming calls Various Approaches Network doesnt keep track of subscribers moves To deliver an incoming call need to broadcast to every cell in the network Implications of extending this to an international level
if subscriber receives many calls (frequent finds) location update approach is best else subscriber receives few calls ..............
else (subscriber is stationary) if subscriber receives many calls .............. else subscriber receives few calls ..............
HLR
Location Update Request Update Location Area Update Location Cancel Location Cancel Location Insert Sunscriber Data Insert Sunscriber Data Ack Update Location Ack Update Location Area Ack Location Update Accept Ack
1 8 6 7 9
GMSC
5 2 3
MSC
BS
10
MS
HLR
4
VLR
GMSC
MSC
3
BS
MS
HLR/VLR
PSTN/ISDN
1 8 6 7 9
GMSC
5 2 3
MSC
BS
10
MS
HLR
4
VLR
HLR
UKNET
SwissNET
UKNET