SCIENCE PROCESS SKILL in

PMR PEKA

SCIENTIFIC SKILLS
SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS MANIPULATIVE SKILLS

BASIC SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS

INTEGRATED SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS

Skills which enable students to formulate their questions and find out the answers systematically

WHAT ARE THEY?

Twelve science process skill advocated by CDC (Pusat Perkembangan Kuruikulum) .

Observing

Classifying Measuring and Using Numbers

Making inferences

Predicting
Communicating Using Space-Time Relationship Interpreting Data

Defining Operationally
Controlling Variables

Making Hypothesis
Experimenting Skill

SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS

BASIC INTEGRATED

USING SPACE-TIME OBSERVING RELATIONSHIP CLASSIFYING INTERPRETING DATA MEASURING AND DEFINING USING NUMBERS OPERATIONALLY INFERRING CONTROLLING VARIABLES PREDICTING HYPOTHESISING COMMUNICATING EXPERIMENTING

SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS

OBSERVING
Using the sense of hearing, touching, smelling, tasting and seeing to collect information about an object or a phenomenon.

CLASSIFYING
Using observations to group objects or events according to similarities and differences.

Non living things

Living things

MEASURING & USING NUMBERS

Making quantitative observations using numbers and tools with standardised units. Measuring makes observation more accurate.

INFERRING
Using past experiences or previously collected data to draw conclusions and make explanations of events.
Is it true?
It must have rained.

WET ROAD

PREDICTING
Stating the outcome of a future event based on prior knowledge gained through experiences or collected data.

COMMUNICATING
Using words or graphic symbols such as tables, graphs, figures or models to describe an action, object or event.

USING SPACE-TIME RELATIONSHIP

Describing changes in parameter with time. Examples of parameters are location, direction, shape, size, volume, weight & mass.

INTERPRETING DATA
Giving rational explanations about an object, event or pattern derived from collected data.

DEFINING OPERATIONALLY
Stating specific information about an object or concept or phenomena based on experiences with it or observation

CONTROLLING VARIABLES
Identifying the fixed variables, manipulated variables, and responding variable in an investigation. This manipulated variable is changed to observe its relationship with the responding variable. At the same time, the fixed variable is kept constant.

HYPOTHESISING
Making a general statement about the relationship between a manipulated variable and a responding variable to explain an event or observation. This statement can be tested to determine its validity.

EXPERIMENTING
Planning and conducting activities to test a certain hypothesis. These activities include collecting, analysing and interpreting data and making conclusions.

MANIPULATIVE SKILLS

Psychomotor skills that enables students to:

Use and handle science apparatus and specimens correctly and carefully, Draw apparatus, specimens and laboratory substances accurately, Clean and store science apparatus and laboratory substances correctly and safely.

Construct

Criteria

Scoring Scheme

FRAMEWORK OF PMR PEKA Learning Area consists of three elements

Conducting Science Activity (E1) Experimenting Skills (E2) Scientific Attitudes and Noble Values (E3)

E1: Conducting Science Activity

C1 - Observing C2 - Classifying

C3 Measuring and Using numbers

C4- Making Inferences C5 - Predicting

C6 - Communicating
C7 Using Space- Time Relationship

C8- Interpreting Data

C9 Defining Operationaly

C10 Controlling Variables C11 Making Hypothesis

E2: Experimenting Skills

C12 - Planning Scientific Investigation
C13 - Conducting Investigation C14 - Collecting and Recording Data C15 Interpreting Data C16 Making Conclusion

E3 : Scientific Attitudes and

Noble Values
C17 Scientific Attitudes and Noble Values

CRITERIA
(PERFORMANCE INDICATOR)

Example

Element 1 C2 - Classifying
3 marks Identify the differences Able to classify and state and similarities common characteristics correctly 2 marks Classify according to common characteristics Able to classify and state the common characteristics partially Use other criteria to correct group objects 1 mark Able to show the idea of Explain method of classification classification used

Element 2
C13 Conducting Investigation
3 marks Carry out the steps in the Able to carry out the steps planning correctly without assistance Use and handle 2 marks apparatus Able to carry out all the steps with assistance Use and handle 1 mark materials, substances Able to carry out any one and specimens step

Element 3
C17 Scientific Attitudes and Noble Values
Intrinsic attitude Extrinsic attitude Thinking ability Noble values
4 marks Able to exhibit all four criterias continuously 3 marks Able to exhibit two to three criterias continuously 2 mark Able to exhibit two to three criterias

1 mark Able to exhibit one to two criterias