IEEE 802.

11 Technologies

Amer Hassan, Architect amerh@microsoft.com

Windows Networking and Device Technologies

January 27, 2005

Windows Networking and Device Technologies

January 27, 2005

The Vision Dream Network

Pervasive Collaborative Computing

Faster and More Pervasive

More Secure

More Deployable and Manageable

Ease At Home

Windows Networking and Device Technologies

January 27, 2005

Video

Windows Networking and Device Technologies

January 27, 2005

Wireless Standards
IEEE 802.21, IEEE 802.18 802.19
IEEE 802.15.4 (Zigbee Alliance)

Sensors RAN

RFID (AutoID Center)

IEEE 802.22

WAN
3GPP (GPRS/UMTS) 3GPP2 (1X--/CDMA2000) GSMA, OMA

IEEE 802.20 IEEE 802.16e

IEEE 802.16d WiMAX

IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi Alliance IEEE 802.15.3 UWB, Bluetooth Wi-Media, BTSIG, MBOA
Windows Networking and Device Technologies

MAN LAN
PAN

ETSI HiperMAN & HIPERACCESS

ETSI-BRAN HiperLAN2

ETSI HiperPAN
January 27, 2005

Growing 802.11 Standards

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

.11s, .11v, .11T,.11 r, .11p

11u 11ma 11n 11k 11j 11i 11h 11g 11f

11e 11d
11c 11b

11a 802.11
Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005
6

Wi-Fi Industry Status

Increased interest in cellular/Wi-Fi handsets. Choice split between .11a or .11g Price gap for .11g and .11a/g is decreasing rapidly; .11b only devices on steep decline Voice over Wi-Fi becoming reality with technical enhancements - WMM, .11i, .11k, .11r Security solutions acceptable (WPA2, PEAPv2); security deployment issues being addressed Hotspot roaming agreements identified as critical to carriers & ISPs Standardization started for 802.11n with 2 strong proposals
Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005
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What is the situation?

Have not Deployed Wi-Fi
Unable to justify ROI of a new infrastructure

Have Deployed Wi-Fi

Justified ROI Saves on infrastructure & real estate Improves productivity in manufacture plants Allows flexible employee work practices Compensates for limits of current technology Regulates access via VPN, looking for WPA2 Deployed secure technology EAP-TLS, .1X Deployed what meets current needs Planning to upgrade to .11a then .11 n Agrees management & diagnostic tools lacking Deployments are tightly controlled Not a show stopper compared to ROI

Concerned 802.11 security is not adequate Concerned 802.11 standards unstable (11a, 11b, 11g) Concerned about managing another network & provisioning users

Waiting for the benefits to outweigh the risks

Looking forward to making strategic investments VoIP & video streaming New customer services & products
January 27, 2005
8

Windows Networking and Device Technologies

Potential Wi-Fi Scenarios

Technology LAN for Enterprise LAN for Home Home multiple A/V distribution Backhauling and last mile Wide Area Mobility Cable/device Replacement Mesh Networking Sensor Networking Inventory Control Auto PC Enterp/ Home/N Propriet ary soln Wi-Fi WiMAX UWB Bluetooth (audio streaming) 3GPP/2 RFID Zigbee -

Neighborhood Mesh Home Mesh -

January 27, 2005

9

Windows Networking and Device Technologies

802.11 n and all that jazz

Windows Networking and Device Technologies

January 27, 2005

What do Home users want?

Range: reliable wireless networking throughout the home High fidelity A/V: good Quality of Service for high quality audio and video Throughput!
HDTV-720 in the US @ 16 Mbps (MPEG2) HDTV-1080 in Japan @ 20 Mbps (MPEG2) Next generation Media Center will support 2 concurrent video streaming, and by .11n ratification 4 concurrent streaming For 3 streams in the home, with picture-in-picture, and Internet access, 100Mbps UDP level throughput is easily consumed
Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005
11

Wireless outsold wired home networking gear for the first time in 2004
(in millions) 16 US Home Networking Purchases
14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2003 2004
Wired Only

14.3 13.2 12.5 10.7 9.3 7.3 12.3 13.6

5.4 2.6 2.8 4.6

6.9

11.3

2.7

2.5 2005

1.7 2006
Wireless

1.2 2007

0.9 2008

0.7 2009

Total Purchase
January 27, 2005

Windows NetworkingJupiterResearch Home Networking Model, 8/04 (US Only) Source: and Device Technologies

12

What do service providers need?

Highest possible consumer satisfaction consumers will blame the Service Provider QoS is primary requirement video and high throughput (mobile) data sessions

Management capability to the devices

Secure mobility support: Handoff & Mesh High rate for outdoor to indoor 150m operation

Windows Networking and Device Technologies

January 27, 2005

13

What would make IT Pro excited?

High return on investment High level of security Ease of deployment Manageability of clients and APs Diagnosis Highly available networking

Windows Networking and Device Technologies

January 27, 2005

14

General applications set forth by the Wi-Fi Alliance

Applications and target markets Application Audio/Video 1 Audio/Video 2 Examples HDTV and DV viewing for commercial & domestics use SDTV viewing for commercial and domestic use Transmission characteristics Type Constant (low jitter) Constant (low jitter) Rate 27 Mbps 6 Mbps Duration/ volume Hours Hours

Audio/Video 3
Interactive 1 Interactive 2

Video conferencing with VoIP

Interactive gaming, Internet Browsing, Email VoIP, Internet gaming

Constant (low jitter)

Variable Constant with intervals Variable

2 Mbos
2 Mbps .2 MB/s

< 1 hr
1 hr 1 min 1 hr 10 MB 10 GB

Bulk transfer

Flash downloads file transfer, media transfer

30 Mbps

Windows Networking and Device Technologies

January 27, 2005

15

IEEE 802.11 Initiative: start of .11n

Develop next generation Wi-Fi capable of much higher throughputs, with a maximum throughput of at least 100Mbps, as measured at the MAC data service access point (SAP) Modifications to both the 802.11 physical layers (PHY) and the 802.11 Medium Access Control Layer (MAC) are allowed with baseline 802.11 & its amendments to support high throughput

Evaluation metrics: throughput, range, network capacity, (peak and average power consumption), spectral flexibility, backward compatibility, and coexistence (3 channel models)
Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005

16

Channel models
Environment Residential Setting Intra-room, Room to room, Indoor to outdoor, Large multifamily dwelling Enclosed office, meeting room, classroom, bus, train Cubes, offices, multistory office space Hotspots: airport, library, Convention Center, factory, hospital

Small/medium office Large office Large space: indoor/outdoor

Windows Networking and Device Technologies

January 27, 2005

17

Functional requirements of .11n

Requirement HT rate supported in 20MHz channel Description at least one mode of operation supports 100Mbps throughput at the top of the MAC SAP in a 20 MHz channel Protocol supports 5GHz bands (including those supported by .11a) Some of the modes of operation defined in the proposal should be backwards compatible with .11a in 2.4 GHz, some of the modes of operation defined in the proposal should be backwards compatible with .11g
January 27, 2005
18

Works in the 5 GHz bands

.11a backwards compatibility

.11g backwards compatibility

Windows Networking and Device Technologies

Functional requirements of .11n (cont)

Requirement .11e QoS support Description The proposal must permit implementation of the 802.11e options within a .11n STA The highest throughput mode of the proposal should achieve a spectral efficiency of at least 3 bps/Hz for the PSDU

Spectral Efficiency

Control of support for legacy STA A .11n AP can be configured to from .11n AP reject or accept associations from legacy STA because they are legacy STA

Windows Networking and Device Technologies

January 27, 2005

19

Link Level Throughput & Range

Infotainment Throughput

80

Business

Services
25

20

150

Range

throughput required in typical hotspot settings

Windows Networking and Device Technologies Microsoft Confidential

20 AmerH January 20, 2005

.11 n proposals
32 proposals, 4 complete (Sept 04, Nov 04)
TGn Sync WWISE Motorola/Mitsubishi Qualcom

Down select and merger (Jan 05)

TGn Sync WWISE

Further down select (March 05)

Qualcom and Mitsubishi merged with TGn Sync
Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005
21

Roadmap
Activity started in Q4 02 Par/5 Criteria: March 03 Functional Requirements: Nov 03 Usage Models: May 04 Comparison Criteria: May 04 Proposals: Sept 04 convergence, plug fests, beta, Ratification: Sept 06 Wi-Fi Certification: Sept 06
Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005
22

IEEE 802.11n basics: 2 main proposals (TGn SYNC & WWISE)

Key Points Members TGn SYNC Agere, Atheros Cisco, Intel, Mitsubishi Philips, Sony Toshiba, Qualcom, Nortel, Samsung, Marvel, Panasonic, Tohoku Univ, Nokia, Infocom Research, Sanyo 200+ Mbps/40 MHz accommodate both EDCA and HCCA 0 to 64KB PSDUs WWISE Broadcom, TI, Airgo Networks, Conexant, Buffalo, Ralink, ETRI, HNS, Realtek, STM, TrellisWare, Winbond Electronics

UDP data rate MAC basic technology Packet sizes

100+ Mbps/20 MHz accommodate both EDCA and HCCA 0 to 64KB PSDUs

Windows Networking and Device Technologies

January 27, 2005

23

Throughput enhancement
Features
Bandwidth

TGn Sync
(M) 20MHz mode (M) 40MHz, whenever regulatory domain permits this extension (M) 2 spatial streams @ 20MHz mode (M) R= , 2/3, , 7/8

WWISE
(M) 20 MHz mode (O) 40 MHz mode

MIMO-OFDM-SDM Higher code rate (R)

(M) 2 spatial streams @ 20MHz mode (M) R= , 2/3, , 5/6

Regular coding scheme

(M) Convolutional code

(M) Convolutional code

Advanced Coding scheme Space Time Block Code

(O) (N)

LDPC

(O) LDPC (O)

(M) Mandatory

(O) Optional

(N) Not available

January 27, 2005
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Windows Networking and Device Technologies

Both proposals do some form of aggregation

Legacy Burst
PSDU1
MPDU Payload
Preamble PLCP header

PSDU2
MPDU Payload
Preamble PLCP header

PSDU3
MPDU Payload
Preamble PLCP header

MPDU Header

MPDU Header

MPDU Header

FCS

FCS

Perform aggregation
Preamble + PLCP Header

SIFS

SIFS

A-PSDU

Preamble + PLCP headers + SIFS will be saved Some overhead will be induced to identify each MPDU
Windows Networking and Device Technologies Microsoft Confidential 25 AmerH January 20, 2005

FCS

Aggregation
TGn Sync New control frames New data frame Y Y WWiSE N N

New mgt frame

M(P)SDU Aggregation A-MSDU aggregation

Y
Y N

Y
Y Y

Windows Networking and Device Technologies

January 27, 2005

26

Wish list!
Coexistence through Spectrum sharing
Use of DFS, TPC, LBT,

Turbo coding
Low gate count (200K), but IPR High gate count (800K), but no IPR

Space-time block coding (Alamouti)

Provides great performance

Flexible architecture for closed loop

Keep it simple!
Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005
27

Windows Wireless Strategy: Summary

Technology
WPAN: 802.15 (UWB), Bluetooth

CY04-CY06 Investments
BT PAN module UWB Strategic exploration

Challenges
Few BT PAN products No IP over UWB spec WW regulations for UWB

WLAN: 802.11

Security WPS Extensibility Diagnostics Group Policy Strategic exploration Extensibility

Fragmented user experience Poor penetration in enterprise Multiple auth protocols Several .11n proposals 802.16e roadmap

WiMAX:
802.16

Windows Networking and Device Technologies

January 27, 2005

28

Call to action drive best user experience!

Usability: demand interoperability, and improved UIs for wireless technologies Security: demand Standards based security with 802.1X, PEAP & PEAP-SIM, and WPA1&2 Availability & coexistence: share spectrum with minimum interference
amerh@microsoft.com
Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005
29

Backup slides: Wi-Fi Alliance and Certification

Windows Networking and Device Technologies

January 27, 2005

Wi-Fi Alliance Mission Statement

Certify the interoperability of products and services based on IEEE 802.11 technology

Grow the global market for Wi-Fi CERTIFIED products and services across all market segments, platforms, and applications

Windows Networking and Device Technologies

January 27, 2005

31

New Certificate & Logo

Certificate inside packaging (optional)

Windows Networking and Device Technologies

Logo on product packaging (mandatory) Helps retailers and consumers January 27, 2005

32

Wi-Fi Alliance Roadmap

IEEE Standard Releases
802.11j
2004

802.11e
Q2 Q3

802.11k
Q4

2005 Q1

2006

Baseline

802.11h+d Extended EAP WMM Scheduled Access

Security

Simple Config WMM Power Save

QoS

Applications

Certification Program Releases

CE Public Access WCC CE Phase1 Phase2

Voice/Wi-Fi
33

Windows Networking and Device Technologies

January 27, 2005

Worldwide Wi-Fi Semiconductor Revenues by Application, 2003 - 2008 ($M)

3500 Chip Inventory 3000 Access Points/Gateways/Bridges Mobile PC Desktop PC 2000 Consumer Devices Mobile Devices Printers/MFPs 1000 Aftermarket USB 500 Aftermarket PCI Aftermarket NIC 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

2500

1500

Source: IDC brief: Worldwide WLAN Semiconductor

Windows Networking and Device Technologies

Forecast and Analysis, 2004 2008.

January 27, 2005

34

Worldwide WLAN Semiconductor Revenues by Standard, 2003 - 2008 ($M)

3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Dual Band (802.11a+b+g) 802.11a 802.11g 802.11b

Source: IDC brief: Worldwide WLAN Semiconductor Forecast and Analysis, 2004 2008.
Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005
35

WLAN Chipset Pricing by Standard*

WLAN Chipset Pricing by Standard
30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Dual Band (802.11a+b+g) 802.11b 802.11g 802.11a

Source: IDC brief: Worldwide WLAN Semiconductor Forecast and Analysis, 2004 2008.
*Chart is estimate based on data in IDC Brief

Windows Networking and Device Technologies

January 27, 2005

36

2008 WLAN Semiconductor Revenues in Consumer Devices by Application (n = $611 M)

10.0% 11.5%

1.3%

Gaming Consoles/Handhelds Digital TV DVD Players

12.1% 65.1%

Digital Cameras/Camcorders Compressed Audio Players

Source: IDC brief: Worldwide WLAN Semiconductor Forecast and Analysis, 2004 2008.
Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005
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