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High-Value Concrete
High-Value Concrete
High-Value Concrete
High-Value Concrete
High-Value Concrete
High-Value Concrete
Calcined shale
Superplasticizers High-range water reducers
Control setting
Polymer/latex modifiers
High-Value Concrete
Test Method
ASTM C 39 ASTM C 39
ASTM C 78
ASTM C 944 ASTM C 1202 AASHTO T 259/260 ASTM C 642 ASTM C 469
Chloride Penetration
Low Absorption
High-Value Concrete
High-Early-Strength Concrete
at 3 to 12 hours or 1 to 3 days
High-Value Concrete
High-Early-Strength Concrete
May be achieved by
High-Value Concrete
High cement content 400 to 600 kg/m3 (675 to 1000 lb/yd3) Low water-cementing materials ratio (0.20 to 0.45 by mass) Higher freshly mixed concrete temperature Higher curing temperature
High-Early-Strength Concrete
May be achieved by
Chemical admixtures Silica fume (or other SCM) Steam or autoclave curing Insulation to retain heat of hydration Special rapid hardening cements
High-Value Concrete
High-Strength Concrete
90% of ready-mix concrete 20 MPa - 40 MPa (3000 6000 psi) @ 28-d (most 30 MPa 35 MPa)
High-Value Concrete
9.5 - 12.5 mm (3/8 - 1/2 in.) nominal maximum size gives optimum strength Combining single sizes for required grading allows for closer control and reduced variability in concrete For 70 MPa and greater, the FM of the sand should be 2.8 3.2. (lower may give lower strengths and sticky mixes)
High-Value Concrete
High-Value Concrete
Use of water reducers, retarders, HRWRs, or superplasticizers mandatory in high-strength concrete Air-entraining admixtures not necessary or desirable in protected high-strength concrete.
Air is mandatory, where durability in a freeze-thaw environment is required (i.e.. bridges, piers, parking structures)
Recent studies:
High-Value Concrete
High-Strength Concrete
Placing, Consolidation, and Curing
High-Value Concrete
Delays in delivery and placing must be eliminated Consolidation very important to achieve strength Slump generally 180 to 220 mm (7 to 9 in.) Little if any bleedingfog or evaporation retarders have to be applied immediately after strike off to minimize plastic shrinkage and crusting 7 days moist curing
High-Durability Concrete
1970s and 1980s focus on High-Strength HPC Today focus on concretes with high durability in severe environments resulting in structures with long life High-Durability HPC
High-Value Concrete
High-Durability Concrete
Durability Issues That HPC Can Address
Abrasion Resistance
Blast Resistance Permeability
Carbonation
Freeze-Thaw Resistance Chemical Attack Alkali-Silica Reactivity Corrosion rates of rebar
High-Value Concrete
High-Durability Concrete
Confederation Bridge, Northumberland Strait, Prince Edward Island/New Brunswick, 1997
Cement: Fly ash: Silica fume: w/c: Water Red.: HRWR: Air: 91d strength:
398 kg/m3 45 kg/m3 32 kg/m3 0.30 1.7 L/m3 15.7 L/m3 5-8% 60 MPa
(671 lb/yd3) (76 lb/yd3) (72 lb/yd3) (47 oz/yd3) (83 oz/yd3) (8700 psi)
High-Value Concrete
Self-Consolidating Concrete
Self-consolidating concrete (SCC) also known as self-compacting concrete flows and consolidates on its own
High-Value Concrete
Self-Consolidating Concrete
High-Value Concrete
Slag cement
Coarse aggregate Fine aggregate Water
128 kg/m3
675 kg/m3
(215 lb/yd3)
(1,137 lb/yd3)
1,026 kg/m3 (1,729 lb/yd3) 170 kg/m3 (286 lb/yd3) (35 oz/yd3)
Properties:
High strength 200 MPa (can be produced to 810 MPa) Very low porosity
High-Value Concrete
Unit
MPa (psi) MPa (psi) MPa (psi)
80 MPa
80 (11,600) 7 (1000)
RPC
200 (29,000) 40 (5800) 8 (1160)
GPa (psi) 40 (5.8 x 106) 60 (8.7 x 106) 103 J/m2 <1 30 RDF 90 100 mm 10-12 m2/s 2 275 0 1.2
High-Value Concrete
uctal
Cement Sand Silica quartz Silica fume Micro-Fibres - metallic or poly-vinyl acetate Mineral fillers - Nano-fibres Superplasticizer Water
High-Value Concrete
uctal
710 kg/m3
230 kg/m3 210 kg/m3
Silica fume
Crushed Quartz Sand Fibres
1020 kg/m3
kg/m3
High-Value Concrete
No aggregates !
uctal
28 - 30%
9 10% 8.5 9%
Silica fume
Crushed Quartz Sand Fibres
42 43%
High-Value Concrete
w/c = 0.20
No aggregates !