Hesss Law

Hesss Law
Some enthalpy changes can not be measured directly in the lab. Hesss Law is used to calculate these enthalpy changes Use the information provided to calculate Hf CH4

C(gr) + 2H2(g)
2 x Hc H2 2 x -286 = -572

Hf CH4

CH4(g)

Hc C
-394

+ 2O2(g) Hc CH4
-890

CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)

Hf CH4 =

-1 -76kJmol

C(gr) + 2H2(g)
2 x Hc H2 2 x -286 = -572

Hf CH4

CH4(g)
Hc CH4 -890

Hc C
-394

CO2(g) + 2H2O(g) Hf CH4 = Hc C + 2 x Hc H2 - Hc CH4

Hf CH4 = -394 + (2 x -286) - (-890) = -76kJmol-1

Hesss Law
Hesss Law states In a reaction the total enthalpy change is independent of the route

Hesss Law Diagrams

Write unknown equation across the top Look at info provided & complete triangle Balance equations (ignore O2) Think about definitions of Hf & Hc Make sure arrows point in the correct directions Do you need to multiply any values? Write figures on arrows if this helps

Hesss Law Diagrams

Draw overall direction arrows Write out in full H = expression without no. In same direction as arrow + Against direction of arrow Put numbers into H = expression, keep ( ) Be very careful with signs Calculate value check over !!!

Hesss Law Diagrams

Draw a Hesss Law diagram to calculate the Hr of the coffee can reaction CaO(s) + H2O(l) Ca(OH)2 (s)
Hf CaO(S) = -635 Hf H2O(l) = -286 Hf Ca(OH)2(S) = -986

CaO(s) + H2 O(l)
Hf H2O -286

Hr

Ca(OH)2(s)

Hf CaO
-635

Hf Ca(OH)2 -986

Ca(s) + O2(g) + H2(g) Hr = - Hf CaO(s) - Hf H2O(l) + Hf Ca(OH)2 (s)

Hf CH4 = -(-635) (-286) + (-986) = -65kJmol-1

Hesss Law
Hesss Law states In a reaction the total enthalpy change is independent of the route Draw a Hesss Law diagram to calculate the Hr of the decomposition of NaHCO3(s) 2NaHCO3(s) Na2CO3(s) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

2NaHCO3(s)

Hr

Na2CO3(s) + H2 O(l) + CO2(g)

Hf Na2CO3 -1131 Hf H2O -286

2 x Hf NaHCO3
2 x -948

Hf CO2
-394

2Na(s) + 3O2(g) + H2(g) + 2C(gr)

Hr = - 2 x Hf NaHCO3(s) + Hf Na2CO3 + Hf H2O(l) + Hf CO2 (g) Hr = -(2 x -948) + (-1131) + (-286) + (-394) = +85kJmol-1

Hesss Law
Draw a Hesss Law diagram to calculate the following : Hr of the formation of propane C3H8(g) 3C(gr) + 4H2(g) C3H8(g) Hr of photosynthesis 6CO2(g) + 6H2O C6H12O6(aq) + 6O2(l)

3C(gr) + 4H2(g)
4 x Hc H2 4 x -286 = -1144

Hf C3H8

C3H8(g) + 3O2(g)

3 x Hc C
3 x -394 = -1182

Hc C3H8 -2220

3CO2(g) + 4H2O(g) Hf C3H8 = 3x Hc C + 4 x Hc H2 - Hc C3H8

Hf C3H8 = (3 x -394) + (4 x -286) - (-2220) = -106kJmol-1

6CO2(g) + 6H2O(l)

Hr

C6H12O6 (s) + 6O2 (g)

Hf C6H12O6

6 x Hf CO2
6 x -394

6 x Hf H2O
6 x -286

-1273

6C(gr) + 9O2(g) + 6H2(g)

Hr = - 6 x Hf CO2(g) 6 x Hf H2O(l) + Hf C6H12O6 Hr = -(6 x -394) - (6 x -286) + (-1273) = +2807kJmol-1