Group 3

Prepared by : Amira Shazmin Amir Farah Wahida Mahfuzah Sabira Syamel Ahmad Zainal Ahmad Fathi Lutfi

5 reading comprehension skills

Summarizing

Sequencing
Inferencing Comparing and contrasting Drawing conclusions

Summarizing
Summarizing teaches students how to discern the

most important ideas in a text, how to ignore irrelevant information, and how to integrate the central ideas in a meaningful way. improves their memory for what is read. Summarization strategies can be used in almost every content area.

Importance of summarizing
It helps students learn to determine essential

ideas and consolidate important details that support them. It enables students to focus on key words and phrases of an assigned text that are worth noting and remembering. It teaches students how to take a large selection of text and reduce it to the main points for more concise understanding.

How to use summarizing

Begin by reading OR have students listen to the text

selection. Ask students the following framework questions:

What are the main ideas? What are the crucial details necessary for supporting

the ideas? What information is irrelevant or unnecessary?

Have them use key words or phrases to identify the

main points from the text.

Sequencing
The word "sequence" means to put something in

order from first to last. Sequence of events in a story is the order in which the events happen.

Importance of Sequencing
Knowing the sequence of events in a story helps

us to picture what is happening and when. It helps make the story clear and easy to follow. When events are not in order, the story becomes blurry and hard to follow. To understand how to do daily activities like following a list of directions when cooking or building something.

How do we use sequence of events to help us understand what we are reading?

As you read, ask yourself, "What happened

first? What happened next? Look for sequence words such as: first, next, before, after, then, and finally Picture the story in your mind as you are reading. Think about what the character did first, second, and so forth.

Inferencing
Inference is drawing conclusions based on

information that has been implied rather than directly stated and is an essential skill in reading comprehension. We make inferences every day, both in oral and written communication.

Example :
My wife and I tried to pack light but we made sure

not to forget our bathing suits and sun block. I wasn't sure if I would get seasick again so I made sure to pack some medicine for upset stomachs. What can you deduct from the example given?

You can deduct a great deal of information from these sentences: The author is married. He and his wife are going on a trip. They are going to be on a boat. They will be around water. They will be going swimming. They have gone swimming before. The author has gotten seasick on a boat in the past.

Comparing and contrasting

What does Compare and Contrast mean?

Compare is to think about how two things are alike. Contrast is to think about how two things are different. Why is Compare and Contrast an important reading strategy? - Understanding similarities and differences helps us to connect ideas together. - We can learn about something new by using compare and contrast with something we know more about. - Being able compare and contrast helps us to

 How do we use Compare and Contrast to help

us understand what we are reading? As you read, ask the question, "How are these two things the same? How are these two things different?" Look for signal words such as: alike, both, also, difference, on the other hand, and unlike.

Drawing conclusions
The reader needs to "draw a conclusion" about

what the author means. When we draw a conclusion, we take clues the author has given us and use what we already know from our own experiences to help us understand what is happening in the story.

 Why is Drawing Conclusions an important reading

strategy? Drawing Conclusions is very important in understanding what is happening in a story. For example, many times an author will describe story elements, rather than directly telling you where, when, who, and so forth. We need to draw conclusions in order to understand the important parts of the story. How do we draw conclusions to help us understand what we are reading? As you read, think about the characters, setting, problem, plot, and solution. Did the author give you any clues to think about? Use the story clues and what you already know from your own experiences (prior knowledge) to draw a conclusion about what is happening in the story.