Additional Mathematics

Form 4
Chapter 6
Coordinate Geometry


By,
NurSimah Bachtiar(5R)
Rozana Ramli(5R)
Coordinate Geometry
Division of a Line Segment

Q divides the line segment PR in the ratio PQ : QR = m : n
n m
P(x
1
, y
1
)
R(x
2
, y
2
) Q(x, y)

n
m
R(x
2
, y
2
)
P(x
1
, y
1
)
Q(x, y)
|
.
|

\
|
+
+
+
+
n m
my ny
n m
mx nx
2 1 2 1
, Q(x, y) =
Coordinate Geometry (Ratio Theorem)
|
.
|

\
|
+
+
+
+
n m
my ny
n m
mx nx
2 1 2 1
,
The point P divides the line segment joining the point M(3,7) and
N(6,2) in the ratio 2 : 1. Find the coordinates of point P.
P(x, y) =

1
2
N(6, 2)
M(3, 7)
P(x, y)
|
.
|

\
|
+
+
+
+
1 2
) 2 ( 2 ) 7 ( 1
,
1 2
) 6 ( 2 ) 3 ( 1
|
.
|

\
|
3
11
,
3
15
11
5,
3
| |
|
\ .
=
=
P(x, y)
=
Coordinate Geometry
m
1
.m
2
= 1
P
Q
R
S
Perpendicular lines :
Note for
candidates,just sketch
a simple diagram to
help you using the
required formula
correctly.
Coordinate Geometry
(SPM 2006, P1, Q12)
Diagram 5 shows the straight line AB which is perpendicular to the straight
line CB at the point B.
The equation of CB is y = 2x 1 .
Find the coordinates of B. [3 marks]

m
CB
= 2
m
AB
=
Equation of AB is y = x + 4
At B, 2x 1 = x + 4
x = 2, y = 3
So, B is the point (2, 3).
x
y
O
A(0, 4)
C
Diagram 5
B



y = 2x 1
Coordinate Geometry
Given points P(8,0) and Q(0,-6). Find the equation of the
perpendicular bisector of PQ.
3
4

4
3
) 4 (
3
4
) 3 ( = + x y
m
PQ
=


m
AB
=


Midpoint of PQ =

(4, -3)
The equation :


4x + 3y -7 = 0


K1
K1
N1
3
7
3
4
+ = x y
or
P
Q
x
y
O
TASK : To find the equation of the locus
of the moving point P such that its
distances from the points A and B are in
the ratio m : n


Sketch a diagram
to help you using
the distance
formula correcty.
Coordinate Geometry
Find the equation of the locus of the moving point P such that its
distances from the points A(-2,3) and B(4, 8) are in the ratio 1 : 2.
(Note : Sketch a diagram to help you using the distance formula
correctly)
A(-2,3), B(4,8) and m : n = 1 : 2
Let P = (x, y)













2
1
B(4, 8)
A(-2, 3)
P(x, y) 2 2
2 2 2 2
1
2
2
4
4 ( 2) ( 3) ( 4) ( 8)
PA
PB
PA PB
PA PB
x y x y
=
=
=
(
+ + = +

3x
2
+ 3y
2
+ 24x 8y 28 = 0
Find the equation of the locus of the moving point P such that its
distance from the point A(-2,3) is always 5 units. ( SPM 2005)

5
A(-2, 3)
P(x, y)

A(-2,3)
Let P = (x, y)





is the equation of locus
of P.
2 2
4 6 12 0 x y x y + + =
2 2 2
( 2) ( 3) 5 x y + + =
Coordinate Geometry
Find the equation of the locus of point P which moves such that
it is always equidistant from points A(-2, 3) and B(4, 9).
A(-2, 3)

B(4, 9)

Locus of P
P(x, y)
Constraint / Condition :
PA = PB
PA
2
= PB
2
(x+2)
2
+ (y 3)
2
= (x 4)
2
+ (y
9)
2

x + y 7 = 0 is the equation
of
locus of P.
Note : This locus is actually the perpendicular bisector of AB
Solutions to this question by scale drawing will not be accepted.
(SPM 2006, P2, Q9)
Diagram 3 shows the triangle AOB where O is the origin.
Point C lies on the straight line AB.






(a) Calculate the area, in units
2
, of triangle AOB. [2 marks]
(b) Given that AC : CB = 3 : 2, find the coordinates of C. [2 marks]
(c) A point P moves such that its distance from point A is always twice its
distance from point B.
(i) Find the equation of locus of P,
(ii) Hence, determine whether or not this locus intercepts the y-axis.
[6 marks]
x
y
O
A(-3, 4)
Diagram 3
C



B(6, -2)
(SPM 2006, P2, Q9) : ANSWERS
9(a)
= 9
0 6 3 0
1 1
0 24 0 0 6 0
0 2 4 0 2 2

= + +

x
y
O
A(-3, 4)
Diagram 3
C



B(6, -2)
3
2
9(b)
2( 3) 3(6) 2(4) 3( 2)
,
3 2 3 2
12 2
,
5 5
+ +
| |
|
+ +
\ .
| |
=
|
\ .
K1
N1
|
.
|

\
|
+
+
+
+
n m
my ny
n m
mx nx
2 1 2 1
,
Use formula correctly
N1
K1
Use formula
To find area
Focus
please..
(SPM 2006, P2, Q9) : ANSWERS

AP = 2PB
AP
2
= 4 PB
2

(x+3)
2
+ (y 4 )
2
= 4 [(x 6)
2
+ (y + 2)
2


x
2
+ y
2
18x + 8y + 45 = 0

N1
K1
Use distance formula
K1
Use AP = 2PB
x
y
O
A(-3, 4)
C



B(6, -2)
2
1
P(x, y)

AP =
2 2
[ ( 3)] ( 4) x y +
9(c) (i)
(SPM 2006, P2, Q9) : ANSWERS
9(c) (ii) x = 0, y
2
+ 8y + 45 = 0

b
2
4ac = 8
2
4(1)(45) < 0


So, the locus does not intercept the y-axis.





Use b
2
4ac = 0
or AOM
K1
K1
Subst. x = 0 into his locus
N1
(his locus
& b
2
4ac)
Given that A(-1,-2) and B(2,1) are fixed points . Point P moves such that
the ratio of AP to PB is 1 : 2. Find the equation of locus for P.
2 AP = PB




x
2
+ y
2
+ 4x + 6y + 5 = 0


K1
J1
4[ (x+1)
2
+ (y+2)
2
] = (x -2 )
2

+ (y -1)
2

Coordinate Geometry : the equation of locus
2 2 2 2
) 1 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 1 ( 2 + = + + + y x y x
N1
3x
2
+ 3y
2
+ 12x + 18y + 15 = 0


F4