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Plants and their Organs

1. 2. 3. 4. Leaves Stem Roots Flowers

I. LEAVES

I. Leaves-Functions
1. Trap light energy Photosynthesis
2. Producing sugar 3. Breathing-Exchange of gases: O2 and CO2

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

LeavesStructure
Wide

Helps to catch more light energy


Thin

Help get carbon dioxide from bottom to top of leaf for photosynthesis

Leaf structure
Greener on top

Top-catch sunlight and contain chloroplasts/chlorophyll


Bottom-exchange gases through stoma.

CO2 gets in here

Leaves- STOMATA Gas exchange


Stomata-Small holes on bottom of leaf that allow CO2 in and O2 out. Guard Cells-Open and Close each stomata hole based on messages (light, temp, etc). Leaves are designed to allow carbon dioxide to get to the main chlorophyll layer at the top of the leaf and release oxygen.

Leaf diagram stoma and guard cells

Stoma position

Stoma function is for gas exchange in the leaf


Guard cell

oxygen
Provided plant is photosynthesising

Carbon dioxide

Stomata open and close at different times of the day

When it is light the plant needs CO2 for photosynthesis so the stoma open

At night (darkness) they close

II.

STEMS

II. STEMS-Functions
A stem is a plant organ which: 1. Moves water and food between the roots and the leaves. 2. Helps support leaves and flowers.

Stems-Types
-There are two kinds of stems: 1. Green stems-flexible, soft, do photosynthesis (flowers). 2. Woody stems-hard (trees). Bark is made out of phloem cells. The growth rings in a tree are made out of xylem cells.

Stem Types
Green Stem Woody Stems

STEM STRUCTUREXYLEM AND PHLOEM


Both roots and stems contain vascular tissues called xylem and phloem.

1. Xylem: carries water from the roots to rest of the plant. 2. Phloem: carries sugar from the leaves to rest of the plant.

III.ROOTS

ROOTS-FUNCTIONS
1. Hold-plant in position 2. Absorb-water and minerals from the soil
1. Root Hairs-increase surface area for water intake

Structure: Root Hairs


Fragile parts of cells that grow from the main root

1. They massively increase the surface area for absorption

Root B has had the hairs damaged

Across section of a root

IV. Flowers

Flowers-Functions
1. Help with reproduction. 2. Attract Pollinators
1. Bees, etc

3. Protect/Hold/Spread seeds

Flowers-Structure and Parts


1. Petals-protect and attract 2. Stamen-produces pollen (male) 3. Pistil-produces the eggs and becomes seed. 4. Ovary-bottom of pistil/stores the eggs. 5. Seed-pollinated egg. Becomes new plant.

Pollination
Process of getting pollen from one plant in contact with egg from another plant. Pollinators are used such as bees and birds.

Carnivorous Plants
Carnivorous plants still go through photosynthesis. They eat bugs etc. to get nutrients such as Nitrogen. Usually in harsh environments with poor soil.

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