InterVLAN Routing

Design and Implementation

What Routers Do
Intelligent, dynamic routing protocols for packet transport Packet filtering capabilities Connectivity enhancements DHCP, NAT, QoS, policy-based routing Connectivity between LAN and WAN

Routing Issues
Isolated broadcast domains
Linked by routers (Layer 3)

Sending nonlocal packets

Routing protocols, gateway of last resort, default routes

Supporting multiple VLAN packets across VLAN boundaries

ISL solves problem

ISL
Supported over Fast Ethernet links
Single ISL link (trunk) can carry traffic from multiple VLANs
Packets encapsulated with ISL VLAN header appropriate to destination and routes to appropriate interface

Routing in a Switched Network

interVLAN routing
Add a route processor in switched network to provide layer 3 routing
Every packet goes through the router

Layer 3 switching (RSM- route switch module)

Router running IOS software plugs into switch backplane
Appears as module with single 800 Mb half duplex trunk port and one MAC address

Multilayer switching (MLS)

Router sees only first packet; sets up switching paths to bypass the router

Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF)

Distributed switching mechanism

RSM Details
Provides multilayer switching and interVLAN routing between switched VLANs
Can be installed in slots 2 through 12 Maximum number of modules is 7 for Cat 5500 RSM is mapped through VLAN 0 and VLAN 1
VLAN 0 to channel 0; VLAN 1 to channel 1 VLAN 0 assigned ROM MAC address VLAN 1 assigned base MAC address from 512 available MAC addresses

Routing with Multiple Physical Links

Use one link for each VLAN on switch to connected router Each packet travels across a link reserved for VLAN traffic
Useful when switches and router are already available and can be quickly connected Not a good idea to use when network grows

Trunk links Use only one link to router router on a stick or onearmed router Integrated Router Route processor is inside the switch for tighter integration of layer 2 and layer 3 components

Routing Over Trunk Lines

802.1q and ISL trunks
Use Fast Ethernet or Gigabit Ethernet Each frame identified with VLAN number
Frame encapsulated as it leaves switch

Offer scalability because single link can transport many VLANs Requires link bandwidth overhead
30-byte header (ISL) or 4-byte header (802.1q)

Routing with an Integrated Router

Route Switch Module (RSM)
Runs Cisco ISO software Interfaces to switch through backplane channel 0 and channel 1
Route processor is module with route switch in the moduletype field
Use show module command Use session to telnet from switch to router

Multilayer Switch Feature Card (MSFC)

Shortcuts switch layer 3 and higher protocols to be covered in detail later

VLAN Connectivity and Trunk lines

(config)# int 2/3.1 (config-if)#encap isl vlan2 Ip address n.n.n.n s.s.s.s
Each subinterface is assigned to specific VLAN VLAN numbers should match on both router and switch ends

Routing Processes
Route processor keeps local table of known routes, metrics, interfaces, and neighboring routers
Uses dynamic routing protocols and static routes (config)# ip routing (config)# router rip (config-router)# network n.n.n.n

Switch (enable) set ip route default gateway