HOW TO RUN AN EXAMPLE WITH A SPECIFIC PROBLEM TYPE

Free surface problems in Eulerian framework

SYSTEM PREREQUISITES

KRATOS should be installed in your system (http://kratos-wiki.cimne.upc.edu/index.php/Install) GiD (http://www.gidhome.com/)

PERSONAL PREREQUISITES

The user MUST be familiar with GiD pre and post process
GiD tutorials: http://www.gidhome.com/support/tutorials

EULERIAN FRAMEWORK
WHATS BEHIND: Edge-based algorithm 4th order Runge Kutta time integration scheme
Fractional Step approach OSS stabilization technique

Level set technique to track the evolution of the free surface Fully parallel (OpenMP) ELEMENTS USED: linear triangular and tetrahedral elements in structured and unstructured meshes.
Rossi, R.; Larese, A.; Dadvand, P. & Oate, E. An efficient edge-based level set finite element method for free surface flow problems In press: International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, 2012

OTHER INTERESTING FEATURES

This problem type has other interesting features already included:

The possibility of considering the presence of a porous material (with a custom resistance law). The seepage flux can interest the whole domain or only a part of it . The possibility to include a boundary law.

EXAMPLES
1. 2. VERTICAL COLUMN EXAMPLE (free surface flow with inlet) ROCKFILL DAM (free surface flow, transitory seepage, inlet)

The examples presented in this power point can be found in the folder: GiD_Examples and they are respectively:
3D_vertical_column.gid (the version with multiple results and multiple layers) or 3D_vertical_column_1layer.gid (the version with one results and one layer) RockfillDam.gid

VERTICAL COLUMN EXAMPLE

HOW TO CREATE AN EXAMPLE PREPROCESS

Lets suppose we want to simulate a vertical 3d column with the geometry detailed below, with a lower inlet of water of 1m/s.

CHOICE OF THE GID PROBLEM TYPE

The GiD problem type name is edgebased_levelset.gid and can be found in the folder GiD_ProblemTypes

OR It can be generated following the instructions http://kratoswiki.cimne.upc.edu/index.php/How _to_Create_a_GiD_Problem_Typ e It is located in /kratos/application/incompressible _fluid_application/custom_proble mtype

CUSTOM MENU

BOUNDARY CONDITIONS (model parts)

Every boundary face should be classified. It is done through the model part menu where the available choices are: INLET Fixed Velocity model part WALL Slip condition model part OUTLET Fixed pressure model part

INLET Fixed Velocity model part

The value of each component of the velocity can be assigned.
The FIX flag indicates that is a BOUNDARY CONDITION Not picking it would set an INITIAL CONDITION

WALL Slip condition model part

The side walls are defined with the IS_STRUCTURE flag. A slip boundary condition is implemented

OUTLET Fixed pressure model part

The pressure value is set to zero to ALL the boundaries that are not walls neither inlet.

FLUID INTIAL VOLUME DEFINITION

The code needs to know which portion of the control volume is occupied by fluid. The level set function consists in a distance function that has zero value on the free surface and negative values inside the fluid. Therefore the fluid portion is defined just setting the DISTANCE nodal value to -1. In this example lets suppose that the only wet part is the inlet. Lets go to nodal values menu, chose

distance and apply it to the inlet.

PROBLEMS PARAMETERS
Several parameters can be set in the problem parameter menu
To be defined: MAX_TIME Time to be simulated OUTPUT_DT The interval in writing the results. Lets suppose we want to simulate 10s and we want kratos to write a GiD result every 1s. MAT_TIME = 10.0 OUTPUT_DT = 1.0

PROBLEMS PARAMETERS Material

By default water is the fluid considered in the calculation. If this is not the case the value of DENSITY, KINEMATIC VISCOSITY should be changed Gravity is set by default in the y direction and it is called BODY_FORCE.

PROBLEMS PARAMETERS Optional

SAFETY FACTOR is applied to the CFL of the conditional stable method. It can be varied in case of difficult convergence PRINT LAYER
set to TRUE: the program will print a result file for each time result and it will color the wet element of cyan. (Slower) Set to FALSE: all the results will be print in a single result file and the layer will be monochrome.

Mesh and CALCULATE

Finally the mesh should be created and the calculate button should be picked

OUTPUT FILE (CALCULATE )

The output of the program can be seen in the View process info section during the calculation. Alternatively inside the gid_example folder there is the gid_example.INFO file where the same content is printed and can be view at any time

POST PROCESS

Once the calculation is finished lets switch to GiD post process, lets look for the gid_example folder. 2 are the possible scenarios: a. If PRINT LAYER was set to TRUE
We have to pick the OPEN MULTIPLE button and select all the results

Print isosurface of DISTANCE = 0

POST PROCESS
Once the calculation is finished lets switch to GiD post process, lets look for the gid_example folder. 2 are the possible scenarios: a. If PRINT LAYER was set to TRUE b. If PRINT LAYER was set to FALSE
Only one result file is created

Print isosurface of DISTANCE = 0

ROCKFILL DAM EXAMPLE

HOW TO CREATE AN EXAMPLE PREPROCESS

Lets suppose we want to simulate how the seepage line evolves in an homogeneus rockfill dam when an inlet is set upstream. The qualitative geometry is shown in the figure below

DAM (n, D50)

INLET BOTTOM

CHOICE OF THE GID PROBLEM TYPE

The GiD problem type name is edgebased_levelset.gid (the same of the previous example)and can be found in the folder GiD_ProblemTypes

OR It can be generated following the instructions http://kratoswiki.cimne.upc.edu/index.php/How _to_Create_a_GiD_Problem_Typ e It is located in /kratos/application/incompressible _fluid_application/custom_proble mtype

CUSTOM MENU

BOUNDARY CONDITIONS (model parts)

Every boundary face should be classified. It is done through the model part menu where the available choices are: INLET Fixed Velocity model part WALL Slip condition model part OUTLET Fixed pressure model part

INLET Fixed Velocity model part

The value of each component of the velocity can be assigned.
The FIX flag indicates that is a BOUNDARY CONDITION Not picking it would set an INITIAL CONDITION

WALL Slip condition model part

The side walls are defined with the IS_STRUCTURE flag. A slip boundary condition is implemented

OUTLET Fixed pressure model part

The pressure value is set to zero to ALL the boundaries that are not walls neither inlet.

FLUID INTIAL VOLUME DEFINITION

The code needs to know which portion of the control volume is occupied by fluid. The level set function consists in a distance function that has zero value on the free surface and negative values inside the fluid. Therefore the fluid portion is defined just setting the DISTANCE nodal value to -1. In this example lets suppose that the only wet part is the inlet. Lets go to nodal values menu, chose

distance and apply it to the inlet.

POROUS MATERIAL
We should define the characteristics of the porous material: POROSITY for instance we take 0.5

POROUS MATERIAL
We should define the characteristics of the porous material:
POROSITY for instance we take 0.5 DIAMETER (D50) for instance we take 3.5cm

PROBLEMS PARAMETERS Fluid Material

By default water is the fluid considered in the calculation. If this is not the case the value of DENSITY, KINEMATIC VISCOSITY should be changed

RESISTANCE LAW
We have to say to the code to consider the presence of a porous medium. It is not sufficient to do it just setting porosity and diameter. We have to go to the problem parameter menu and set COMPUTE POROUS RESISTANCE LAW to 1 or 2 COMPUTE POROUS RESISTANCE LAW = 1 implies that the code automatically compute Ergun resistance law:

(where i is a gradient of pressure)

RESISTANCE LAW
COMPUTE POROUS RESISTANCE LAW = 2 implies that the user inserts a custom resistance law in the form i = A u + B u2 (where i is a gradient of pressure [Pa/m]). According to the above formula A is [Pa s/m2] B is [Pa s2 / m3]

RESISTANCE LAW
COMPUTE POROUS RESISTANCE LAW = 2 implies that the user inserts a custom resistance law in the form i = A u + B u2
Go to nodal values and set the LINEAR DARCY COEFFICIENT

ATTENTION LIN DARCY COEFFICIENT A

RESISTANCE LAW
COMPUTE POROUS RESISTANCE LAW = 2 implies that the user inserts a custom resistance law in the form i = A u + B u2
Go to nodal values and set the NON LINEAR DARCY COEFFICIENT

ATTENTION NON LIN DARCY COEFFICIENT B

RESISTANCE LAW
How to calculate the LINEAR and NON LINEAR DARCY COEFFICIENTS having A and B?
i = A u + B u2 (where i is a gradient of pressure). According to the above formula A is [Pa s/m2] LINEAR DARCY COEFFICIENT (AK)= A/density is [1/s] B is [Pa s2 / m3] NON LINEAR DARCY COEFFICIENT (BK) = B/density is [1/m]

i* = A* u + B* u2 (where i* is the hydraulic gradient).

According to the above formula A* is [s/m] LINEAR DARCY COEFFICIENT (AK)= A* gravity is [1/s] B* is [s2/m2] NON LINEAR DARCY COEFFICIENT (BK) = B* gravity is [1/m]

PROBLEMS PARAMETERS
Several parameters can be set in the problem parameter menu
To be defined: MAX_TIME Time to be simulated OUTPUT_DT The interval in writing the results. Lets suppose we want to simulate 100s and we want kratos to write a GiD result every 1s. MAT_TIME = 100.0 OUTPUT_DT = 0.1

Gravity is set by default in the y direction and it is called BODY_FORCE.

PROBLEMS PARAMETERS Optional

SAFETY FACTOR is applied to the CFL of the conditional stable method. It can be varied in case of difficult convergence PRINT LAYER (see previous example)
set to TRUE: the program will print a result file for each time result and it will color the wet element of cyan. (Slower) Set to FALSE: all the results will be print in a single result file and the layer will be monochrome.

Mesh and CALCULATE

Finally the mesh should be created and the calculate button should be picked

OUTPUT FILE (CALCULATE )

The output of the program can be seen in the View process info section during the calculation. Alternatively inside the gid_example folder there is the gid_example.INFO file where the same content is printed and can be view at any time

POST PROCESS
Once the calculation is finished lets switch to GiD post process and look for the gid_example folder. Then open the results files and analyze the results.

For any issue please contact with Antonia Larese antoldt@cimne.upc.edu