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The History of Transportation

Science & Tech 11 Class Project

Semester 1, 2010 / 2011

Main Sources: http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/bl_history_of_transportation.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_transportation_technology

The History of Transportation

You will be marked on how well you research, record, format, and EDIT your information

http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/bl_history_of_transportation.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_transportation_technology

Main Sources:

5500 BC The First Wheel

Antonio
The oldest wheel found in archeological excavations was discovered in what was Mesopotamia and is believed to be over fifty-five hundred years old. Humans realized that heavy objects could be moved easier if something round, for example a fallen tree log, was placed under it and the object rolled over it.

The first wheel

4000-3500 BC Horses
first horses were all wild they were hunted used for their meat and skin for leather 4000 BC people in central asia began to tame horses used to carry things

Gerry

Horse central asia

3500 BC River Boats

first boats built out of inflated and stretched animal skins and clay pots early wood boats included rafts, canoes, and dugouts Egyptians used reeds to caulk seams little is known about how these ships were actually put together

by MVG

Ancient Egyptian boat called a "dory"

3000 BC Chariots
The chariot is the earliest and simplest type of horse carriage, used in both peace and war as the chief vehicle of many ancient peoples. The critical invention that allowed the construction of light, horsedrawn chariots for use in battle was the spoked wheel. The earliest spoke-wheeled chariots date to ca. 2000 BC and their usage peaked around 1300 BC

Jayden

181-234 AD Wheelbarrow
Chuko Liang of China is considered to be the inventor of the wheelbarrow. The wheelbarrows were used to transport supplies and injured soldiers Chinese wheelbarrows had two wheels required two men to propel and steer

Connor

A Wheelbarrow For Freight.

770 AD Horseshoes
Inventor is unknown Early asian horsemen used horse booties made from leather and plants First centuary, Romans made leather and metal shoes called "hipposandals" 1000 AD European horseman had begun nailing metal shoes to horses hooves

Rhett

1492 leanardos flying machines

1487 made his first drawing of a air craft in 1490 leonardo produced drawings for the first ornithopter Later he stoped working on flaping wing design and started on fixed wing design. He also made a helicopter and parachute designs. Almost all of leonardos designs were built in recent years to test

Justin

1620 first Submarine

Designs for underwater boats or submarines date back to the 1500s and ideas for underwater travel date back even further. However it was not until the 19th century that the first useful submarines began to appear. The first American submarine is as old as the United States itself. David Bushnell (1742-1824), a Yale graduate, designed and built a submarine torpedo boat in 1776. The one-man vessel submerged by admitting water into the hull and surfaced by pumping it out with a hand pump.

Antonio

first submarine (turtle submarine)

Rhett 1662 Blaise Pascal's Public Bus 1662 Blaise Pascal invented the first public bus It was horse drawn It had a regular route schedual and fare system

Sean 1783 Paddle Wheel Steam Boat

The use of paddle wheel in navigation first appears in the mechanical treatise of the Roman engineer Vitruvius. Vitrivius described multi-gear paddle wheels working as a ship odometer.

The first mention of paddle wheels as a means of propulsion came from a 4th-5th century military treatise.

A modern paddle wheel steam boat.

1783 Hotair Balloon

Hot air balloons first flew in the air by two brothers named, Joseph and Etienne Montgolfier in 1783. The materials they used are very different from us, but we still use their basic principles. These Balloons can fly because they are buoyant, this means they are lighter than the air it displaces.

Jessica

Rhett 1769 Self Propelled Road Vehicle

Built by French engineer Nicolas-Joseph Cugnotin 1769 Designed to pull heavy artillary Moved at a walking pace and had to stop every 1215 minutes to raise the steam pressure It could pull up to 5 tonnes

1790 Bicycle
also known as a bike, pushbike or cycle introduced in the 19th century twice as many as automobiles. A bicycle, also known as a bike, pushbike or cycle

Gerry

walking machine

Elijah 1801 Richard Trevithick's Steam Locomotive

Worlds first railway: 21,2,1804. from Merthyr Tydfil to Abercynon, Wales An earlier model of the steam locomotive was designed by John Fitch during the 1780's-90's Most models of steam locomotive use a steel fire-tube boilers Richard Trevithicks designed the Full scale replica of Richard Trevithick's Steam locomotive, in first steam locomotive in the the National Waterfront Museum United Kingdom

1807

Gerry

First Steamboat
the era of the steamboat began in america in 1787 John Fitch (17431798)made the first successful trial of a forty five foot steamboat fitch later built a larger vessel that carried passengers

John Fitch - Design Sketch ca. 1787

1839 Early Hybrid Cars

Jessica

Ferdinand Porsche developed the first efficient working vehicle by combining gasoline and Robert Anderson was the first the system of electric known person to create an electric cars. car His vehicle couldn't go too far, and this is an example of the full working car. had a limited battery power that was hard to keep charged. By 1870 Sir David Solomon invented a lighter more efficient vehicle, but this car still faced difficulties in battery recharging

1862 Gasoline Engine Automobile

Alphonse Beau de Rochas, a French civil engineer, patented but did not build a four-stroke engine (French patent #52,593, January 16, 1862). The very first self-powered road vehicles were powered by steam engines and by that definition Nicolas Joseph Cugnot of France built the first automobile in 1769

Antonio

First four-stroke gas engine

1867 The First Motorcycle

In 1876 Sylvester Howard Roper attached a two-cylinder steam-engine to a bicycle and the world's first motorcycle was born In 1885 Gottlieb Daimler strapped a gas engine to a wooden bicycle and the world's first gas powered motorcycle was born. if it werent for the invention of this gaspowered wooden gadget 124 years ago, we might still be getting around by horse and buggy.

Zack

1871 The First Cable Car

January 17, 1871 the first cable car was patented in sanfrancisco by a man by the name of Andrew Hallidie It was a mechanism by which cars were pulled by an endless steel cable between the rails over the steam driven shaft in the powerhouse.

Ray

A cable car

1889 First Escalator

An escalator is a staircase that does all the work for you, moving up and down on a conveyor belt to take you up or down in a building.

Jessica

This machine was first made in 1889 by Leamon Souder , this was only the first of four different designs he This is an example of what the first came up with including 2 wood escalator looked like in 1889 by spiral designs.
Leamon Souder.

1899 Zeppelin
Invented by Count Ferndinand von Zeppelin, he was born July 8 1838 in Konstanz Prussia. Took nearly a decade to develop Made the first directed flight on July 2nd 1900, first commericial flight in 1910 over lake Constance Count Zepplin died on March 8th 1917

Ray

Zepplin in flight.

Jayden 1903 The First Engined Airplane

This machine powered the first, heavier than air, self-propelled, maneuverable, piloted aircraft; the Wright 1903 Flyer, flown at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, in December, 1903. At the time of the brothers first flight, most of their contemporaries did not use gasoline powered internal combustion engines for flight. The completed engine developed about 12 horsepower. For comparison, a modern lawn mower engine develops about 6 horsepower!

1907 First Helicopter

The very first piloted helicopter was invented by Paul Cornu in 1907 however, this design was not successful. French inventor, Etienne Oehmichen built and flew a helicopter one kilometer in 1924. One of aviation's greatest designers, Russian born Igor Sikorsky began work on helicopters as early as 1910. By 1940, Igor Sikorsky's successful VS-300 had become the model for all modern singlerotor helicopters. He also designed and built the first military helicopter, XR-4, which he delivered to Colonel Franklin Gregory of the U.S. Army.

Jonathan

VS-300

1908 Assembly Line

An assembly line is a manufacturing process in which parts are added to a product in a sequential manner using optimally planned logistics to create a product much faster than with handcrafting-type methods Idea came from some one who saw at a slaughter house people repeating the same thing over and over.

Justin

Ford Assembly line, 1913.

1908 Hydrofoil Boats

Early hydroplanes had mostly straight lines and flat surfaces aside from the uniformly curved bow and sponsons. The curved bow was eventually replaced by what is known as a pickle fork bow, where a space is left between the front few feet of the sponsons to induce air under the hull, to enable the boat to float on air bubbles.

Jonathan

Hydrofoil boat 1910

Sean 1926 First Liquid Propelled Rocket

The highest specific impulse chemical rockets use liquid propellants.
Liquid propellants have been used since the first rocket, and are still being used today . On March 16th, 1926, Robert H Goddard used liquid oxygen and gasoline as propellants for his first successful liquid rocket launch.
Robert H. Goddard and the first liquid rocket

1940 Modern Helicoptors

Modern helicopters are the most complex flying mechines.

Daniel

The turbine engine advanced the helicopters capabillities.

The Revolution Helicopter Corporation created a single-seat helicopter that can be built by a person at home in forty to sixty hours

Jonathan 1947 First Supersonic Jet Flight

Dr. Hans von Ohain and Sir Frank Whittle are both recognized as being the co-inventors of the jet engine. Each worked separately and knew nothing of the other's work. Hans von Ohain is considered the designer of the first operational turbojet engine. Hans von Ohain's jet was the first to fly in 1939. Frank Whittle's jet first flew in in 1941.

1956 Hovercraft
The hovercraft was invented by Christopher Cockerell in 1956. The theory behind one of the most successful inventions of the 20th century, the Hovercraft, was originally tested in 1955 using an empty KiteKat cat food tin inside a coffee tin, an industrial air blower and a pair of kitchen scales. Sir Christopher Cockerell developed the first practical hovercraft designs, these led to the first hovercraft to be produced commercially, the SRN1.

Colin

1956 Hovercraft

1964 Bullet Train

The Shinkansen or "bullet train" is a network of high speed railways in Japan Test runs have reached 443 km/h, and up to a world record of 581 km/h Government approval to build the railway came in 1959 opened October 1st 1964 Was an instant success hitting the 100 million passenger mark in three short years

Elijah

Bullet Train in China

1969 Apollo 11
The Apollo project became NASA priority on May 25 1961 Mission was to land on the moon Was used by President Kennedy to demonstrate the U.S.'s technological superiority to the world. Took 11 years to fufill, finished July 20, 1969 costing 25.4 billion dollars in total

Ray

Appollo 11

1970 Jumbo Jet

The jumbo jet is among the most recognizable aircrast. First commercially flown in 1970. Held the capacity record for 37 years. Three decks on plane.

Daniel

Has 4 engines.

Jumbo jets can carry around 500 people.

1981 Space Shuttle

The space shuttle was concieved in 1969.
The space shuttle is a reusable launch system and orbital spacecraft operated by NASA. The Space Shuttle Columbia was first launched on April 12, 1981 when it orbited the Earth 37 times in 54.5 hours.

Sean

The first launch of the Space Shuttle Columbia

Elijah 1998 International Space Station

The ISS is an internationally developed space station, being assembled in low earth orbit it began construction in 1998 and its target date is 2011 the ISS can be seen from earth by the naked eye By far the largest satellite to ever orbit earth it completes 15.7 orbits a day

International Space Station (ISS)

Zack 2001 Segway Human Transporter

Segway PT is a two-wheeled, selfbalancing electric vehicle invented by Dean Kamen Segway PTs are driven by electric motors at up to 12.5 miles per hour (20.1) Gyroscopic sensors are used to detect tilting of the device which indicates a departure from perfect balance.

Paul Blart on the segway.

2003 Modern Hybrid Cars

A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a type of hybrid vehicle and electric vehicle which combines a conventional internal combustion engine propulsion system with an electric propulsion system. The presence of the electric powertrain is intended to achieve either better fuel economy than a conventional vehicle, or better performance. A variety of types of HEV exist, and the degree to which they function as EVs varies as well. The most common form of HEV is the hybrid electric car, although hybrid electric trucks (pickups and tractors) and buses also exist.

Colin

Cadillac Escalade Hybrid

2004 Maglev Train

Connor

Eric Lithwaite invented the first one. uses magnetic levitation from a very large number of magnets It is faster and the energy overcomes the air drag much quieter then other trains derived from magnetic levitation Shanghai will be extending its

maglev train line to the Hongqiao Airport

1977-Present Driverless Cars

A driverless car is a vehicle equipped with an autopilot system, and capable of driving from one point to another without aid from an operator. The history of autonomous vehicles started in 1977 In 2008, General Motors stated that they will begin testing driverless cars by 2015, and they could be on the road by 2018 . -Testing for driverless cars will be by 2015, and on the road in 2018

Justin

A robotic volkswagen Passat shown at Standford Univerity