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A noun (or a substantive) (Arabic: = a name") is a name or an attribute of a person (Muhammad / Ahmad), place (Makkah), thing (House), or quality (Honour).
Hazaa -
A type of preposition, means - This
This = used for masculine This = used for feminine These = used for both
Dual
Hazaa -
use a Masculine Word e.g. use a Feminine Word e.g. use any plural Word
Why is feminine? Answer: It has a at the end. So every word with at the end is a feminine word!
Maa
The word maa can mean several things in Arabic.: It can be an interrogative pronoun meaning "what?" It can be a relative pronoun meaning "what..." It can be a negative word meaning "not."
Maa In conclusion:
has many meanings depending on where it comes in a sentence and in what context. In our example it is: What is
Hamza Istafihaam -
can come before a noun or verb (preposition) If before a noun it would mean: is this? Or is this a.?
M-an - and
Lesson 2 -
means That when indicating towards masculine objects So would mean what is that?
Lesson 2 -
Examples
Lesson 3 - Sentences
Lesson 3 - Sentences
So if the sentence begins with a verb, it would be called: Jumlah Faliyah (A verb Sentence) Conclusion: There can only ever be 2 types of sentances: Ismiyah and Faliyah! (Noun or verb Sentence)
First word: (The Door) Notice at the start? This is the definite Article. = The Door
An Example
The door is open. Second Word: ( Open) Notice there is no at the start? So we can use A definite Subject (The Door) and a non-definite predicate (open) together!
An Example
The door is open. Finally all Nouns (ism) end in 2 pesh (Dhammah), also known as Tanween. When there is a at the beginning of a word, then the tanween will no longer be there and a single harkaat would replace it: One pesh
An Example
An Example
always comes last. It is the last word in the sentence. News comes last.
Lesson 3 - Continued
Summary
Every letter ends in Tanween: 2 Pesh If is before the word: Tanween goes and one harkat comes on e.g. 1 Pesh
Lesson 4
In todays lesson we will see for the first time what changes the Harakaat of the last letter in a word! New Huroof today: In On He She Where
Continued
These Huroof change the word after it: In On
There Huroof do not change the word after it: He She Where
Continued
Puts a Majroor state (one/two Zer) on the last letter of next word: In On Doesnt affect anything: He She Where
An example
In the Masjid On the Table He is Ahmad She is Aisha Where is Muhammad
An example
Lesson 4 continued
Genitive case
Nominative case
A word in its normal state (nominative case) i.e. Normal ending with a Pesh or 2 Pesh, is called A word preceded by a preposition is said to be in a genitive case i.e. Not a normal ending, but ending with a Zer. This state is called
Nominative case
Genitive case
Nominative case
because Genitive case
A word with no preposition and/or ends in one pesh or two pesh is called: A word with a preposition before it and/or ends in one Zer or two Zer is called:
We also learnt some new pronouns: Me (Same for both masculine and feminine) You (one male) From To
1. 2. 3. 4.
Notice: He? This particular verb can only be used for a single person who is male and not present
Lesson 5
Possession Muhammads Book
1.
The book belongs to Muhammad. So first lets write the Arabic for each word
2.
Lesson 5
Possession
Muhammads Book or Book of Muhammad
Lesson 5
Possession
Muhammads Book =
Lesson 5
Possession Muhammads Book
What can you see different in this? Notice the Iraab? One pesh + Two Zer?
Lesson 5
Possession Muhammads Book
Lets break this down: Firstly what state is Kitaab in? What state is Muhammad in?
Lesson 5
Possession Muhammads Book
1.
Why does Kitaab have only one pesh? There is no Alif Laam.? Why does Muhammad have a Two Zer? There is no Preposition
2.
Lesson 5
Possession Muhammads Book
The Possessed object can not take a Tanween and also cant take a .It is definite by position. Does not need definite article.
Lesson 5
Possession Muhammads Book
Lesson 5
Possession Muhammads Book
Mudhaf Ilaihi
Mudhaaf
Lesson 5
( al-idhaafah) is a relationship between two nouns with a hidden particle of Jarr (like fee, min, alaa or ilaa)
The first noun is called ( Mudhaaf) and the second noun is called (Mudhaaf ilaih).
Lesson 5
Important facts about al-Idaafah:
1. 2.
3.
4.
5.
The mudaaf cannot take alif-laam The mudaaf cannot take tanween (whereas the mudaaf ilayhi can) The default state for the mudaaf is that it takes a (single) dhammah The mudaaf ilayhi will [99% of the time] always take a kasrah A preposition has been omitted - Hidden
Lesson 5
New Words: Vocative particle O
Lesson 5
Lesson 5
An Example
This is the 2nd word and 3rd word in the sentence. Together they make up the
This is because it is preposition (Huroof Jar) and a following noun (which is Majroor). And a Harf will always join its following noun to be a single part of a sentence.
An Example
This is the 2nd word. Is it ?But last word is so what is it? Answer: part of
This is because it is Mudaaf and Mudaaf Ilai! And Mudaaf + Mudaaf Ilai will always be a single part of a sentence!
An Example
Lets go back to our last example: (We) are (in) (the houses)
An Example
The 1. (Mudaaf + Mudaaf Ilai) and the 2. (Harf Jar + noun) will always join together to become either a Mubtada or a Khabr.
This means, that although they are 2 words, we treat them as one section of a sentence!
Summary
How do you whether a word is a Mubtada and not a Mudaaf? Answer: If the 1st word has before it, it can never be Mudaaf!
So it will be a Mubtadaa
Summary
Example:
Summary
1.
2.
Al-walad: it has so it cant be Mudaaf! So it will have one pesh Khaalid: Well if the word before is not a Mudaaf, then this will be a normal word and have 2 pesh
3.
Summary
Translation
Haza: This Al-Walad: The Boy Khalid: Is Khalid Wa: and Dhaalika: That Al-Walad: The boy Muhammad: Is Muhammad This boy is Khalid and that boy is Muhammad
Lesson 6
Body Parts: All body parts that we have two of are all feminine e.g. Feet, Hands etc
Lesson 7
To form a feminine word from the masculine in Arabic, you simply add taa marbuta which looks like: or depending on the word its connected to. Usually for animals, humans and professions.
Lesson 7
( dog feminine) ( child feminine) ( engineer feminine)
Its possible also for most adjectives & some other nouns:
Lesson 7
However not all animals or humans masculines can take a taa marbuta ( (, in their feminine form, for example: ( Lioness) ( girl)
Lesson 7
Summary
In Arabic, words are either masculine or feminine, so anything you may think of should take either feminine or masculine form. Now you can recognize if a word is feminine or masculine by its ending. However, some words are only feminine, for example: ( story) ( tree) ( newspaper) ( ball) ( lake)
Lesson 7
Of course there are exceptions, which we will learn as our vocabulary improves: ( sky) ( wind)
Lesson 8
means for (harf Jar) means behind (Mudaaf) means infront (Mudaaf)
Lesson 8
When the Al-Musharu Ilaihi has an before it then the translation changes!
Lesson 9
We learnt that when the Al-Musharu Ilaihi has an before it then the translation changes!
This is a Masjid
This Masjid
Lesson 9
This also applies to Nat and Manoot. Nat = Adjective (describing word) Manoot = Noun (a person, place, thing, idea etc)
Lesson 9
As a General Rule:
If there is NO on the adjective (describing word), the translation would include the word is
Lesson 9 - Continued
The rule of Nat (describing word) and Manoot (noun) does not apply to proper nouns e.g. Names
= Abaas is a Merchant
Lesson 9 - Continued
An Example:
Lesson 9 - Continued
An Example:
Lesson 9 - Continued
Lesson 9 - Continued
Means Who when applied to
humans and Which when referred to an animal or thing.
Lesson 9 - Continued
has a feminine / Dual / Plural
version - Like .
Lesson 10
English I you (masc.) Singular you (fem.) he she we Dual You two Them two We you (masc.) Plural you (fem.) They / them (masc.) they / them (fem.) Arabic
(ana) (anta) (anti) (huwwa) (heyya) (naHnu) (antuma) (humaa) (naHnu) (antum) (antunna) (huma) (hunna)
Lesson 10
Sub Lesson 9 The words " father" and " brother" take the form and when it is Mudaaf
Lesson 10
Sub Lesson 9 The pronoun when it proceeds a pronoun it will have a fatha on it
Lesson 10
Sub Lesson 9 The Male proper nouns with a will not have a tanween.
Lesson 10
Sub Lesson 9 The word means With and generally has a Fathah on the last letter . It is always Mudaaf, therefore the following word will be Mudaaf Ilaihi.
Lesson 10
Sub Lesson 9 The preposition can mean With, in, and at
Lesson 10
Sub Lesson 9 means what as stated in lesson 1. But it can also have a negative meaning i.e. There is no car with me
Lesson 11
In him (masculine object: In it)
Lesson 12
You (feminine) Possessive nouns:
our
Dual your their
our
Plural your (masc.) your (fem.) their (masc.)
Lesson 12 - Pronouns
English I you (masc.) Singular you (fem.) he she we Dual You two Them two We you (masc.) Plural you (fem.) They / them (masc.) they / them (fem.) Arabic
(ana) (anta) (anti) (huwwa) (heyya) (naHnu) (antuma) (humaa) (naHnu) (antum) (antunna) (huma) (hunna)
Lesson 12 verbs
English I wrote you (masc.) wrote Singular you (fem.) wrote he wrote she wrote Arabic
(katabtu(
(katabta)
(katabti)
(kataba( (katabat)
Lesson 13
In English adjectives have no plural form e.g. Good Man / Good Men But in Arabic even adjectives have plural forms!
Lesson 13
In English we have two kinds of plural form:
1. 2.
Lesson 13
In Arabic we also have sound and broken forms. However, the sound plural is either masculine or feminine. (Just like the singular).
Lesson 13
Masculine example: Feminine Example: So to make a sound plural: 1. Masculine: add a 2. Feminine: take away the and add
Lesson 13
The broken plural has many forms. There are more than 20 patterns for the broken plurals!
31 Lesson